Director, Nutrition in Medicine Research Group
Principal Investigator
Email anitra.carr@otago.ac.nz
Tel +64 3 364 3677
Research interests
Renowned for her expertise around the roles of vitamin C in human health and disease, Anitra’s translational research spans the impact and mechanisms of action of oral and intravenous vitamin C within diverse health conditions such as infection and sepsis, obesity and diabetes, cancer, and subjective mood. Anitra conducts a variety of studies, including observational, pharmacokinetic, and randomised controlled trials. She has produced a number of high impact publications that have helped inform international guidelines around recommended dietary intakes for vitamin C.
Anitra obtained her PhD from the University of Otago, Christchurch, followed by an American Heart Association Postdoctoral Fellowship, carried out at the Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, USA, culminating in promotion to Assistant Professor. Professor Carr returned to the University of Otago, Christchurch, and was awarded a four-year Health Research Council of New Zealand Sir Charles Hercus Health Research Fellowship (2016) to undertake research into the role of vitamin C in severe infection. She was promoted to Associate Professor in 2018 and Research Professor in 2024.
Recognising her sustained research excellence, Anitra was awarded the University of Otago Christchurch Gold Medal in 2021. Anitra has also served on the Editorial Boards of Nutrients and Antioxidants and as an Associate Editor for Nutrition Research. Passionate about knowledge dissemination, Anitra engages in ongoing community outreach and has established a Continuing Medical Education program for healthcare professionals.
Research expertise
Vitamin C bioavailability and health effects; recommended dietary intakes; severe infection and sepsis; obesity and diabetes; fatigue and quality of life; subjective mood; cancer; clinical studies.
Anitra is currently ranked the #1 vitamin C scholar worldwide (prior 5 years; >50,450 scholars), and is in the top 10 vitamin C scholars over lifetime (>73,500 scholars; ScholarGPS).
In the media
Affiliations
Google scholar listing
Publications
Carr, A. C., Vlasiuk, E., Zawari, M., & Lunt, H. (2024). Understanding the additional impact of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus on vitamin C requirements in people living with obesity. Nutrition Research. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.08.001 Journal - Research Article
Wilson, R. B., Liang, Y., Kaushal, D., & Carr, A. (2024). Molecular pharmacology of vitamin C and relevance to health and obesity: A narrative review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(14). doi: 10.3390/ijms25147523 Journal - Research Article
Carr, A. C., Myint, P. K., Vijewardane, S. C., Johnstone, A. M., Crook, J., & Lykkesfeldt, J. (2024). An increasing proportion of the population is not covered by the current RDA for vitamin C: Interrogation of EPIC-Norfolk and NHANES 2017/2018 cohorts. Critical Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2356760 Journal - Research Article
Vlasiuk, E., Zawari, M., Whitehead, R., Williman, J., & Carr, A. C. (2024). A high vitamin C micronutrient supplement is unable to attenuate inflammation in people with metabolic syndrome but may improve metabolic health indices: A randomised controlled trial. Antioxidants, 13(4), 404. doi: 10.3390/antiox13040404 Journal - Research Article
Vlasiuk, E., Zawari, M., Storer, M., Maze, M. J., Williman, J., Chambers, S. T., & Carr, A. C. (2024). SunGold kiwifruit consumption restores adequate to optimal vitamin C status in people with a history of severe respiratory infections. Antioxidants, 13, 272. doi: 10.3390/antiox13030272 Journal - Research Article
2024
Journal - Research Article
Carr, A. C., Vlasiuk, E., Zawari, M., & Lunt, H. (2024). Understanding the additional impact of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus on vitamin C requirements in people living with obesity. Nutrition Research. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.08.001
Wilson, R. B., Liang, Y., Kaushal, D., & Carr, A. (2024). Molecular pharmacology of vitamin C and relevance to health and obesity: A narrative review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(14). doi: 10.3390/ijms25147523
Carr, A. C., Myint, P. K., Vijewardane, S. C., Johnstone, A. M., Crook, J., & Lykkesfeldt, J. (2024). An increasing proportion of the population is not covered by the current RDA for vitamin C: Interrogation of EPIC-Norfolk and NHANES 2017/2018 cohorts. Critical Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2356760
Vlasiuk, E., Zawari, M., Whitehead, R., Williman, J., & Carr, A. C. (2024). A high vitamin C micronutrient supplement is unable to attenuate inflammation in people with metabolic syndrome but may improve metabolic health indices: A randomised controlled trial. Antioxidants, 13(4), 404. doi: 10.3390/antiox13040404
Vlasiuk, E., Zawari, M., Storer, M., Maze, M. J., Williman, J., Chambers, S. T., & Carr, A. C. (2024). SunGold kiwifruit consumption restores adequate to optimal vitamin C status in people with a history of severe respiratory infections. Antioxidants, 13, 272. doi: 10.3390/antiox13030272
Journal - Research Other
Lykkesfeldt, J., & Carr, A. C. (2024). Vitamin C. Advances in Nutrition, 15, 100155. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100155
2023
Journal - Research Article
Carr, A. C., Lunt, H., Wareham, N. J., & Myint, P. K. (2023). Estimating vitamin C intake requirements in diabetes mellitus: Analysis of NHANES 2017-2018 and EPIC-Norfolk cohorts. Antioxidants, 12(10), 1863. doi: 10.3390/antiox12101863
Carr, A. C., Vlasiuk, E., Zawari, M., Scott-Thomas, A., Storer, M., Maze, M., & Chambers, S. T. (2023). Low vitamin C concentrations in patients with community-acquired pneumonia resolved with pragmatic administration of intravenous and oral vitamin C. Antioxidants, 12, 1610. doi: 10.3390/antiox12081610
Chambers, S. T., Scott-Thomas, A., Storer, M., Slow, S., Williman, J., Epton, M., Murdoch, D. R., Metcalf, S., Carr, A., Isenman, H., & Maze, M. (2023). Adjunctive intravenous then oral vitamin C for moderate and severe community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized adults: Feasibility of randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports, 13, 11879. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-37934-z
Carr, A. C., Bradley, H. A., Vlasiuk, E., Pierard, H., Beddow, J., & Rucklidge, J. J. (2023). Inflammation and vitamin C in women with prenatal depression and anxiety: Effect of multinutrient supplementation. Antioxidants, 12, 941. doi: 10.3390/antiox12040941
Carr, A. C., & Lykkesfeldt, J. (2023). Factors affecting the vitamin C dose-concentration relationship: Implications for global vitamin C dietary recommendations. Nutrients, 15(7), 1657. doi: 10.3390/nu15071657
Lunt, H., Carr, A. C., Heenan, H. F., Vlasiuk, E., Zawari, M., Prickett, T., & Frampton, C. (2023). People with diabetes and hypovitaminosis C fail to conserve urinary vitamin C. Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology, 31, 100316. doi: 10.1016/j.jcte.2023.100316
Carr, A. C., & Lykkesfeldt, J. (2023). Does aging affect vitamin C status relative to intake? Findings from NHANES 2017-2018. Nutrients, 15, 892. doi: 10.3390/nu15040892
Journal - Research Other
Lykkesfeldt, J., & Carr, A. C. (2023). Vitamin C: A scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food & Nutrition Research, 67, 10300. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10300
Carr, A. C., & Zawari, M. (2023). Does aging have an impact on vitamin C status and requirements? A scoping review of comparative studies of aging and institutionalisation. Nutrients, 15, 915. doi: 10.3390/nu15040915
2022
Journal - Research Article
Rosengrave, P. C., Wohlrab, C., Spencer, E., Williman, J., Shaw, G., & Carr, A. C. (2022). Effect of intravenous vitamin C on arterial blood gas analyser and Accu-Chek point-of-care glucose monitoring in critically ill patients. Critical Care & Resuscitation, 24(2), 175-182. doi: 10.51893/2022.2.Oa7
Vlasiuk, E., Rosengrave, P., Roberts, E., Boden, J. M., Shaw, G., & Carr, A. C. (2022). Critically ill septic patients have elevated oxidative stress biomarkers: Lack of attenuation by parenteral vitamin C. Nutrition Research, 108, 53-59. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.10.010
Carr, A. C., Vlasiuk, E., Zawari, M., Meijer, N., Lauren, C., MacPherson, S., Williman, J., & Chambers, S. T. (2022). Supplementation with oral vitamin C prior to and during myeloablative chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A pilot study. Antioxidants, 11(10), 1949. doi: 10.3390/antiox11101949
Cant, N., Buchanan, M., Carr, A., & Boden, J. M. (2022). Cannabis use and patterns of psychotic symptomatology in a longitudinal birth cohort. New Zealand Medical Journal, 135(1562), 25-33. Retrieved from https://journal.nzma.org.nz/
Carr, A. C., Block, G., & Lykkesfeldt, J. (2022). Estimation of vitamin C intake requirements based on body weight: Implications for obesity. Nutrients, 14, 1460. doi: 10.3390/nu14071460
Carr, A. C., Spencer, E., Heenan, H., Lunt, H., Vollebregt, M., & Prickett, T. C. R. (2022). Vitamin C status in people with types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and varying degrees of renal dysfunction: Relationship to body weight. Antioxidants, 11(2), 245. doi: 10.3390/antiox11020245
Rosengrave, P., Spencer, E., Williman, J., Mehrtens, J., Morgan, S., Doyle, T., Van Der Heyden, K., … Shaw, G., & Carr, A. C. (2022). Intravenous vitamin C administration to patients with septic shock: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Critical Care, 26(1), 26. doi: 10.1186/s13054-022-03900-w
Spencer, E., Rosengrave, P., Williman, J., Shaw, G., & Carr, A. C. (2022). Circulating protein carbonyls are specifically elevated in critically ill patients with pneumonia relative to other sources of sepsis. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 179, 208-212. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.029
Fujii, T., Salanti, G., Belletti, A., Bellomo, R., Carr, A., Furukawa, T. A., … Young, P. J. (2022). Effect of adjunctive vitamin C, glucocorticoids, and vitamin B1 on longer-term mortality in adults with sepsis or septic shock: A systematic review and a component network meta-analysis. Intensive Care Medicine, 48, 16-24. doi: 10.1007/s00134-021-06558-0
Journal - Research Other
Carr, A. C., & Lunt, H. (2022). Is “renal leak” of vitamin C an issue for people with diabetes? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 116(1), 3-4. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac088
Carr, A. C., & Gombart, A. F. (2022). Multi-level immune support by vitamins C and D during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Nutrients, 14, 689. doi: 10.3390/nu14030689
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Heenan, H., Lunt, H., Carr, A., Spencer, E., Vollebregt, M., & Prickett, T. C. R. (2022). Urinary vitamin C excretion is inappropriately elevated in people with hypovitaminosis C and diabetes. Proceedings of the 45th New Zealand Society for the Study of Diabetes (NZSSD) Annual Scientific Meeting. (pp. 50). Retrieved from https://www.ivvy.com.au/event/NZSSD22/welcome.html
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Faatoese, A., Carr, A., John, C., Fakahau, T., Maoate, B., Skidmore, P., & Cameron, V. (2022, August). From screening to intervention: Vitamin C in the Pasifika Heart study. Verbal presentation at the Metabolic & Cardiovascular Disease Satellite Meeting: Queenstown Research Week, Queenstown, New Zealand.
2021
Journal - Research Article
Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S., Pullar, J., Spencer, E., Rosengrave, P., & Shaw, G. (2021). Neutrophils isolated from septic patients exhibit elevated uptake of vitamin C and normal intracellular concentrations despite a low vitamin C milieu. Antioxidants, 10(10), 1607. doi: 10.3390/antiox10101607
Hemilä, H., Carr, A., & Chalker, E. (2021). Vitamin C may increase the recovery rate of outpatient cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection by 70%: Reanalysis of the COVID A to Z randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 674681. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674681
Rowe, S., Collins, P. D., Stacey, S. E., & Carr, A. C. (2021). Micronutrients and respiratory infections: The biological rationale and current state of clinical evaluation. British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 82(4). doi: 10.12968/hmed.2020.0730
Pearson, A. G., Pullar, J. M., Cook, J., Spencer, E. S., Vissers, M. C. M., Carr, A. C., & Hampton, M. B. (2021). Peroxiredoxin 2 oxidation reveals hydrogen peroxide generation within erythrocytes during high-dose vitamin C administration. Redox Biology, 43, 101980. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101980
Dachs, G. U., Gandhi, J., Wohlrab, C., Carr, A. C., Morrin, H. R., Pullar, J. M., Bayer, S. B., Eglinton, T. W., Robinson, B. A., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2021). Vitamin C administration by intravenous infusion increases tumor ascorbate content in patients with colon cancer: A clinical intervention study. Frontiers in Oncology, 10, 600715. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.600715
Carr, A. C., & Lykkesfeldt, J. (2021). Discrepancies in global vitamin C recommendations: A review of RDA criteria and underlying health perspectives. Critical Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition, 61(5), 742-755. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1744513
Journal - Research Other
Carr, A. C., & Rowe, S. (2021). Vitamin C and COVID-19: Should clinical trials be prioritised for low income settings and vitamin C-deficient populations? Critical Care & Resuscitation, 23(1), 119-120. doi: 10.51893/2021.1.L1
Holford, P., Carr, A. C., Zawari, M., & Vizcaychipi, M. P. (2021). Vitamin C intervention for critical COVID-19: A pragmatic review of the current level of evidence. Life, 11, 1166. doi: 10.3390/life11111166
Carr, A. C. (2021). Is "mega-dose" IV vitamin C required for septic and critical coronavirus disease 2019 patients? Critical Care Medicine, 49(4), e477-e478. doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004873
Hemilä, H., & Carr, A. (2021). Comment on "Therapeutic target and molecular mechanism of vitamin C-treated pneumonia: A systematic study of network pharmacology" by R. Li, C. Guo, Y. Li, X. Liang, L. Yang and W. Huang, Food Funct., 2020, 11, 4765. Food & Function, 12, 1371-1372. doi: 10.1039/d0fo02189j
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
McCall, C., Crowe, M., & Carr, A. (2021). Understanding the patient experience and early clinical course of sepsis. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20, (pp. 24). doi: 10.1177/16094069211053959
Carr, A. (2021). Optimal nutrition to maximize immune function: Relevance to COVID-19 [Plenary]. In S. Iuliano, K. Livingstone, W. Stonehouse & A. Coates (Eds.) Proceedings, 72(1), 1.2. doi: 10.3390/proceedings2021072001
Other Research Output
Carr, A., Rosengrave, P., & Spencer, E. (2021, May). Nutrition in medicine: To C or not to C (what clinical trials are telling us). UOC Research Seminar Series, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Research Presentation].
2020
Chapter in Book - Research
Carr, A. C. (2020). Vitamin C in pneumonia and sepsis. In Q. Chen & M. C. M. Vissers (Eds.), Vitamin C: New biochemical and functional insights. (pp. 115-135). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Journal - Research Article
Spencer, E. S., Pitcher, T., Veron, G., Hannam, T., MacAskill, M., Anderson, T., Dalrymple-Alford, J., & Carr, A. C. (2020). Positive association of ascorbate and inverse association of urate with cognitive function in people with Parkinson’s disease. Antioxidants, 9(10), 1-13. doi: 10.3390/antiox9100906
Carr, A. C., Spencer, E., Mackle, D., Hunt, A., Judd, H., Mehrtens, J., … Beaumont, M., Kaur, S., … Young, P. J. (2020). The effect of conservative oxygen therapy on systemic biomarkers of oxidative stress in critically ill patients. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 160, 13-18. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.018
Carr, A. C., Spencer, E., Das, A., Meijer, N., Lauren, C., MacPherson, S., & Chambers, S. T. (2020). Patients undergoing myeloablative chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation exhibit depleted vitamin C status in association with febrile neutropenia. Nutrients, 12(6), 1879. doi: 10.3390/nu12061879
Baxter-Parker, G., Gaddam, R. R., Moltchanova, E., Carr, A. C., Shaw, G., Chambers, S., & Gieseg, S. P. (2020). Oxidative stress and immune cell activation quantification in sepsis and non-sepsis critical care patients by neopterin/7,8-dihydroneopterin analysis. Pteridines, 31(1), 68-82. doi: 10.1515/pteridines-2020-0015
Pullar, J. M., Dunham, S., Dachs, G. U., Vissers, M. C. M., & Carr, A. C. (2020). Erythrocyte ascorbate is a potential indicator of steady-state plasma ascorbate concentrations in healthy non-fasting individuals. Nutrients, 12(2), 418. doi: 10.3390/nu12020418
Carr, A. C., Spencer, E., Hoskin, T. S., Rosengrave, P., Kettle, A. J., & Shaw, G. (2020). Circulating myeloperoxidase is elevated in septic shock and is associated with systemic organ failure and mortality in critically ill patients. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 152, 462-468. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.004
Journal - Research Other
Holford, P., Carr, A. C., Jovic, T. H., Ali, S. R., Whitaker, I. S., Marik, P. E., & Smith, A. D. (2020). Vitamin C: An adjunctive therapy for respiratory infection, sepsis and COVID-19. Nutrients, 12(12), 3760. doi: 10.3390/nu12123760
Carr, A. C., & Rowe, S. (2020). The emerging role of vitamin C in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Nutrients, 12, 3286. doi: 10.3390/nu12113286
Calder, P. C., Carr, A. C., Gombart, A. F., & Eggersdorfer, M. (2020). Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an important factor to protect against viral infections. Nutrients, 12(4), 1181. doi: 10.3390/nu12041181
Carr, A. C., & Rowe, S. (2020). Factors affecting vitamin C status and prevalence of deficiency: A global health perspective. Nutrients, 12, 1963. doi: 10.3390/nu12071963
Rowe, S., & Carr, A. C. (2020). Global vitamin C status and prevalence of deficiency: A cause for concern? Nutrients, 12, 2008. doi: 10.3390/nu12072008
Calder, P. C., Carr, A. C., Gombart, A. F., & Eggersdorfer, M. (2020). Reply to "Overstated claims of efficacy and safety: Comment on: Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an important factor to protect against viral infections. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1181". Nutrients, 12, 2696. doi: 10.3390/nu12092696
Calder, P. C., Carr, A. C., Gombart, A. F., & Eggersdorfer, M. (2020). Reply to “Comment on: Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an important factor to protect against viral infections”. Nutrients, 12(8), 2326. doi: 10.3390/nu12082326
Carr, A. C. (2020). Micronutrient status of COVID-19 patients: A critical consideration. Critical Care, 24, 349. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03085-0
Yanase, F., Fujii, T., Naorungroj, T., Belletti, A., Luethi, N., Carr, A. C., … Bellomo, R. (2020). Harm of IV high-dose vitamin C therapy in adult patients: A scoping review. Critical Care Medicine, 48(7), e620-e628. doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004396
Carr, A. C. (2020). Is the VITAMINS RCT indicating potential redundancy between corticosteroids and vitamin C? Critical Care, 24, 129. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-02853-2
Carr, A. C. (2020). A new clinical trial to test high-dose vitamin C in patients with COVID-19. Critical Care, 24, 133. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-02851-4
Masse, M.-H., Menard, J., Sprague, S., Battista, M.-C., Cook, D. J., Guyatt, G. H., … Carr, A., … and on behalf of the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. (2020). Lessening organ dysfunction with VITamin C (LOVIT): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 21, 42. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-3834-1
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Spencer, E., Hoskin, T., Rosengrave, P., Kettle, A., Shaw, G., & Carr, A. (2020). Circulating myeloperoxidase is elevated in septic shock and is associated with systemic organ failure and mortality in critically ill patients. New Zealand Medical Journal, 133(1524), (pp. 145-146). Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Wall, C., MacFarlane, K., Carr, A., Day, A., & Gearry, R. (2020). Inadequate vitamin C status and association with inflammatory biomarkers in adults with active Crohn's disease. Journal of Crohn's & Colitis, 14(Suppl. 1), (pp. S465-S466). doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.675
Working Paper; Discussion Paper; Technical Report
Carr, A. C., & Rowe, S. (2020). Factors affecting vitamin C status and prevalence of deficiency: A global health perspective. Preprints. Retrieved from https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202006.0021/v1
Rowe, S., & Carr, A. C. (2020). Global vitamin C status and prevalence of deficiency: A cause for concern? Preprints. Retrieved from https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202005.0394/v1
Carr, A. C., Spencer, E., Dixon, L., & Chambers, S. (2020). Patients with community acquired pneumonia exhibit depleted vitamin C status and elevated oxidative stress. PrePrints. doi: 10.20944/preprints202004.0243.v1
Calder, P. C., Carr, A. C., Gombart, A. F., & Eggersdorfer, M. (2020). Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an important factor to protect against viral infections. Preprints. Retrieved from https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202003.0199/v1
2019
Chapter in Book - Research
Carr, A., & Cheng, C. P. (2019). Veins of the upper body. In C. P. Cheng (Ed.), Handbook of vascular motion. (pp. 225-246). London, UK: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-815713-8.00011-5
Journal - Research Article
Zawari, M., Poller, B., Walker, G., Pearson, A., & Carr, A. C. (2019). Formulation of broccoli sprout powder in gastro-resistant capsules protects against the acidic pH of the stomach in vitro but does not increase isothiocyanate bioavailability in vivo. Antioxidants, 8(9), 359. doi: 10.3390/antiox8090359
Bozonet, S. M., & Carr, A. C. (2019). The role of physiological vitamin C concentrations on key functions of neutrophils isolated from healthy individuals. Nutrients, 11(6), 1363. doi: 10.3390/nu11061363
Journal - Research Other
Fujii, T., Belletti, A., Carr, A., Furukawa, T. A., Luethi, N., Putzu, A., … Bellomo, R. (2019). Vitamin C therapy for patients with sepsis or septic shock: A protocol for a systematic review and a network meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 9(11), e033458. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033458
Liugan, M., & Carr, A. C. (2019). Vitamin C and neutrophil function: Findings from randomized controlled trials. Nutrients, 11, 2102. doi: 10.3390/nu11092102
Carr, A. C. (2019). Duration of intravenous vitamin C therapy is a critical consideration. Critical Care & Resuscitation, 21(3), 220-221. [Letter].
Carr, A. C. (2019). Vitamin C administration in the critically ill: A summary of recent meta-analyses. Critical Care, 23, 265. doi: 10.1186/s13054-019-2538-y
Hooper, M. H., Carr, A., & Marik, P. E. (2019). The adrenal-vitamin C axis: From fish to guinea pigs and primates. Critical Care, 23, 29. doi: 10.1186/s13054-019-2332-x
Journal - Professional & Other Non-Research Articles
Carr, A. C. (2019). Vitamin C Symposium 2019: "Vitamin C for Cancer and Infection: From Bench to Bedside" [Conference report]. Proceedings, 5(1), 3. doi: 10.3390/proceedings2019005003
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Foster, M. N., Carr, A. C., Antony, A., Peng, S., & Fitzpatrick, M. G. (2019). Intravenous vitamin C administration improved blood cell counts and health-related quality of life of patient with history of relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia. Proceedings, 5(1), 3 (6.4). doi: 10.3390/proceedings2019005003
Baillie, N., Carr, A. C., & Peng, S. (2019). The use of intravenous vitamin C as a supportive therapy for a patient with glioblastoma multiforme. Proceedings, 5(1), 3 (6.3). doi: 10.3390/proceedings2019005003
Prier, M., Carr, A. C., & Baillie, N. (2019). No reported renal stones with intravenous vitamin C administration: A prospective case series study. Proceedings, 5(1), 3 (6.2). doi: 10.3390/proceedings2019005003
Carr, A., Vissers, M., & Cook, J. (2019). Pharmacologic vitamin C improves fatigue and quality of life in cancer patients. Proceedings, 5(1), 3 (6.1). doi: 10.3390/proceedings2019005003
Carr, A. C. (2019). Vitamin C cofactor activities: Vasopressor synthesis. Proceedings, 5(1), 3 (3.1). doi: 10.3390/proceedings2019005003
2018
Journal - Research Article
Carr, A. C., & Cook, J. (2018). Intravenous vitamin C for cancer therapy: Identifying the current gaps in our knowledge. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 1182. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01182
Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S. M., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2018). High vitamin C status is associated with elevated mood in male tertiary students. Antioxidants, 7(7), 91. doi: 10.3390/antiox7070091
Wilson, R., Willis, J., Gearry, R. B., Hughes, A., Lawley, B., Skidmore, P., Frampton, C., Fleming, E., Anderson, A., Jones, L., Tannock, G. W., & Carr, A. C. (2018). SunGold kiwifruit supplementation of individuals with prediabetes alters gut microbiota and improves Vitamin C status, anthropometric and clinical markers. Nutrients, 10, 895. doi: 10.3390/nu10070895
Prier, M., Carr, A. C., & Baillie, N. (2018). No reported renal stones with intravenous vitamin C administration: A prospective case series study. Antioxidants, 7(5), 68. doi: 10.3390/antiox7050068
Pullar, J. M., Bayer, S., & Carr, A. C. (2018). Appropriate handling, processing and analysis of blood samples is essential to avoid oxidation of vitamin C to dehydroascorbic acid. Antioxidants, 7(2), 29. doi: 10.3390/antiox7020029
Journal - Research Other
Carr, A. C. (2018). Can a simple chemical help to both prevent and treat sepsis. Critical Care, 22, 247. doi: 10.1186/s13054-018-2161-3
Baillie, N., Carr, A. C., & Peng, S. (2018). The use of intravenous vitamin C as a supportive therapy for a patient with glioblastoma multiforme. Antioxidants, 7(9), 115. doi: 10.3390/antiox7090115
Foster, M. N., Carr, A. C., Antony, A., Peng, S., & Fitzpatrick, M. G. (2018). Intravenous vitamin C administration improved blood cell counts and health-related quality of life of patient with history of relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia. Antioxidants, 7(7), 92. doi: 10.3390/antiox7070092
2017
Journal - Research Article
Carr, A. C., Rosengrave, P. C., Bayer, S., Chambers, S., Mehrtens, J., & Shaw, G. M. (2017). Hypovitaminosis C and vitamin C deficiency in critically ill patients despite recommended enteral and parenteral intakes. Critical Care, 21, 300. doi: 10.1186/s13054-017-1891-y
Carr, A. C., & Maggini, S. (2017). Vitamin C and Immune Function. Nutrients, 9(11), 1211. doi: 10.3390/nu9111211
Wilson, R., Willis, J., Gearry, R., Skidmore, P., Fleming, E., Frampton, C., & Carr, A. (2017). Inadequate vitamin C status in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Associations with glycaemic control, obesity, and smoking. Nutrients, 9(9), 997. doi: 10.3390/nu9090997
Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2017). The roles of vitamin C in skin health. Nutrients, 9(8), 866. doi: 10.3390/nu9080866
Pearson, J. F., Pullar, J. M., Wilson, R., Spittlehouse, J. K., Vissers, M. C. M., Skidmore, P. M. L., Willis, J., Cameron, V. A., & Carr, A. C. (2017). Vitamin C status correlates with markers of metabolic and cognitive health in 50-year-olds: Findings of the CHALICE Cohort Study. Nutrients, 9(8), 831. doi: 10.3390/nu9080831
Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S. M., Rosengrave, P., Kettle, A. J., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2017). Elevated seminal plasma myeloperoxidase is associated with a decreased sperm concentration in young men. Andrology, 5(3), 431-438. doi: 10.1111/andr.12327
Conner, T. S., Brookie, K. L., Carr, A. C., Mainvil, L. A., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2017). Let them eat fruit! The effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on psychological well-being in young adults: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE, 12(2), e0171206. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171206
Brookie, K. L., Mainvil, L. A., Carr, A. C., Vissers, M. C. M., & Conner, T. S. (2017). The development and effectiveness of an ecological momentary intervention to increase daily fruit and vegetable consumption in low-consuming young adults. Appetite, 108, 32-41. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.09.015
Journal - Research Other
Carr, A. C., & McCall, C. (2017). The role of vitamin C in the treatment of pain: New insights. Journal of Translational Medicine, 15, 77. doi: 10.1186/s12967-017-1179-7
Journal - Professional & Other Non-Research Articles
Carr, A. C. (2017). Symposium on Vitamin C, 15th September 2017: Part of the Linus Pauling Institute’s 9th International Conference on Diet and Optimum Health [Meeting report]. Antioxidants, 6(4), 94. doi: 10.3390/antiox6040094
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Carr, A. C. (2017). Vitamin C requirements and mechanisms of action in severe infection [Invited]. Antioxidants, 6(4), 94. doi: 10.3390/antiox6040094
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Carr, A., Vissers, M., & Shaw, G. (2017, July). Can vitamin C aid immune function in sepsis? Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Branch of the Australasian Society for Immunology (NZ ASI) Annual Scientific Meeting, Christchurch, New Zealand.
2016
Journal - Research Article
Carr, A. C., Pullar, J. M., Bozonet, S. M., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2016). Marginal ascorbate status (Hypovitaminosis C) results in an attenuated response to vitamin C supplementation. Nutrients, 8(6), 341. doi: 10.3390/nu8060341
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Brookie, K., Mainvil, L., Carr, A., Vissers, M., & Conner, T. (2016). The effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on psychological wellbeing in young adults. European Health Psychology Society (EHPS) and the British Psychology Society Division of Health Psychology (DHP) Annual Conference. (pp. 499). Retrieved from http://ehps2016.org
Vissers, M. C. M., Campbell, E. J., Kuiper, C., Carr, A. C., Wohlrab, C., Bozonet, S. M., Morrin, H., Robinson, B. A., & Dachs, G. U. (2016). Ascorbate as an anti-cancer therapy? Investigations into feasibility and potential mechanism of action. Proceedings of the Diagnostics, Drugs, Devices, Discovery (D4) Conference. Retrieved from http://www.otago.ac.nz/d4/index.html
2015
Journal - Research Article
Carr, A. C., Shaw, G. M., Fowler, A. A., & Natarajan, R. (2015). Ascorbate-dependent vasopressor synthesis: A rationale for vitamin C administration in severe sepsis and septic shock? Critical Care, 19, 418. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-1131-2
Bozonet, S. M., Carr, A. C., Pullar, J. M., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2015). Enhanced human neutrophil vitamin C status, chemotaxis and oxidant generation following dietary supplementation with vitamin C-rich SunGold kiwifruit. Nutrients, 7(4), 2574-2588. doi: 10.3390/nu7042574
Journal - Research Other
Carr, A. C., Vissers, M. C. M., & Cook, J. S. (2015). Parenteral vitamin C relieves chronic fatigue and pain in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and mononeuritis multiplex secondary to CNS vasculitis. Case Reports in Clinical Pathology, 2(2), 57-61. doi: 10.5430/crcp.v2n2p57
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Carr, A., Pullar, J., Bozonet, S., & Vissers, M. (2015). Marginal ascorbate status (hypovitaminosis C) results in an attenuated response to supplementation. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia, 39, (pp. 71). Sydney, Australia: Nutrition Society of Australia. [Abstract]
Brookie, K., Carr, A., Vissers, M., & Conner, T. (2015). Can an apple a day keep the psychologist away? The role of fruit and vegetable consumption in psychological well-being of young adults. Proceedings of the Psycolloquy Seminar. (pp. 12). Dunedin, New Zealand: Department of Psychology, University of Otago. Retrieved from http://www.otago.ac.nz/psychology/research/otago059081.html
2014
Journal - Research Article
Carr, A. C., Vissers, M. C. M., & Cook, J. S. (2014). The effect of intravenous vitamin C on cancer- and chemotherapy-related fatigue and quality of life. Frontiers in Oncology, 4, 283. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00283
Journal - Research Other
Carr, A., Pullar, J., Forbes, L., & Rosengrave, P. (2014). Working mothers are disadvantaged by limited funding for health research. New Zealand Medical Journal, 127(1398). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Carr, A. C., Vissers, M. C. M., & Cook, J. (2014). Parenteral vitamin C for palliative care of terminal cancer patients. New Zealand Medical Journal, 127(1396). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Dachs, G. U., Munn, D. G., Carr, A. C., Vissers, M. C. M., & Robinson, B. A. (2014). Consumption of vitamin C is below recommended daily intake in many cancer patients and healthy volunteers in Christchurch. New Zealand Medical Journal, 127(1390). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Carr, A. C., Vissers, M. C. M., & Cook, J. (2014). Relief from cancer chemotherapy side effects with pharmacologic vitamin C. New Zealand Medical Journal, 127(1388). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
2013
Chapter in Book - Research
Vissers, M. C. M., Carr, A. C., Pullar, J. M., & Bozonet, S. M. (2013). The bioavailability of vitamin C from kiwifruit. In M. Boland & P. J. Moughan (Eds.), Nutritional benefits of kiwifruit. (pp. 125-147). Waltham, MA: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394294-4.00007-9
Journal - Research Article
Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S. M., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013). A randomised cross-over pharmacokinetic bioavailability study of synthetic versus kiwifruit-derived vitamin C. Nutrients, 5(11), 4451-4461. doi: 10.3390/nu5114451
Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013). Synthetic or food-derived vitamin C—are they equally bioavailable? Nutrients, 5(11), 4284-4304. doi: 10.3390/nu5114284
Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S. M., Pullar, J. M., Simcock, J. W., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013). A randomized steady-state bioavailability study of synthetic versus natural (kiwifruit-derived) vitamin C. Nutrients, 5(9), 3684-3695. doi: 10.3390/nu5093684
Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S. M., Pullar, J. M., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013). Mood improvement in young adult males following supplementation with gold kiwifruit, a high-vitamin C food. Journal of Nutritional Science, 2, e24. doi: 10.1017/jns.2013.12
Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S. M., Pullar, J. M., Simcock, J. W., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013). Human skeletal muscle ascorbate is highly responsive to changes in vitamin C intake and plasma concentrations. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 97, 800-807. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.053207
Journal - Research Other
Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013). Vitamin C supplementation and kidney stone risk. New Zealand Medical Journal, 126(1384). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Carr, A. C., Pullar, J. M., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013). Beating the blues: The association between fruit and vegetable intake and improved mood. New Zealand Medical Journal, 126(1384). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S. M., Pullar, J. M., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013). Mood and vitality improvement in young adult males following supplementation with gold kiwifruit, a high vitamin C food. Australasian Medical Journal, 6(11), (pp. 667). [Abstract]
Carr, A. C., Pullar, J. M., Bozonet, S. M., Moran, S., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013). Bioavailability of vitamin C from a common food source (kiwifruit) in young adult males. Australasian Medical Journal, 6(11), (pp. 658). [Abstract]
Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)
Carr, A. C., Vissers, M. C. M., & Cook, J. (2013, August). Pharmacologic vitamin C improves fatigue and quality of life in cancer patients: Two case reports. Poster session presented at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.
Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S. M., Pullar, J. M., Simcock, J. W., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013, August). Human skeletal muscle ascorbate is highly responsive to changes in vitamin C intake and plasma concentrations. Poster session presented at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.
Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S. M., Pullar, J. M., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013, August). Mood improvement and reduced fatigue in young adult males following supplementation with kiwifruit, a high vitamin C food. Poster session presented at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Vissers, M. C. M., Kuiper, C., Dachs, G. U., Campbell, E., Pujary, U.-R., Bozonet, S. M., Pullar, J. M., & Carr, A. C. (2013, August). The role of vitamin C in managing metabolic stress and its impact in tumour biology and inflammation. Verbal presentation at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.
2012
Journal - Research Article
Carr, A. C., Pullar, J. M., Moran, S., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2012). Bioavailability of vitamin C from kiwifruit in non-smoking males: Determination of ‘healthy’ and ‘optimal’ intakes. Journal of Nutritional Science, 1, e14. doi: 10.1017/jns.2012.15
Journal - Research Other
Carr, A. C. (2012). Depressed mood associated with gluten sensitivity: Resolution of symptoms with a gluten-free diet. New Zealand Medical Journal, 125(1366). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Carr, A. C., Vissers, M. C. M., Lewis, J., & Elder, P. (2012). Multiple nutrient insufficiencies: Hypovitaminosis D and C in young adult New Zealand males. New Zealand Medical Journal, 125(1364). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2012). Good nutrition matters: Hypovitaminosis C associated with depressed mood and poor wound healing. New Zealand Medical Journal, 125(1362). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
2001
Journal - Research Article
Vissers, M. C. M., Carr, A. C., & Winterbourn, C. C. (2001). Fatty acid chlorohydrins and bromohydrins are cytotoxic to human endothelial cells. Redox Report, 6, 49-55. doi: 10.1179/135100001101536030
2000
Journal - Research Other
Carr, A. C., McCall, M. R., & Frei, B. (2000). Oxidation of LDL by myeloperoxidase and reacitve nitrogen species. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, & Vascular Biology, 20(7), 1716-1723. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.20.7.1716
Carr, A., & Frei, B. (2000). The role of natural antioxidants in preserving the biological activity of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 28(12), 1806-1814. doi: 10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00225-2
Carr, A. C., Zhu, B.-Z., & Frei, B. (2000). Potential antiatherogenic mechanisms of ascorbate (vitamin C) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E). Circulation Research, 87, 349-354. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.87.5.349
1999
Journal - Research Other
Carr, A. C., & Frei, B. (1999). Toward a new recommended dietary allowance for vitamin C based on antioxidant and health effects in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 696, 1086-1107. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/69.6.1086
Carr, A., & Frei, B. (1999). Does vitamin C act as a pro-oxidant under physiological conditions? FASEB Journal, 13(9), 1007-1024. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.13.9.1007
1998
Journal - Research Article
Carr, A., van den Berg, J. J. M., & Winterbourn, C. C. (1998). Differential reactivities of hypochlorous and hypobromous acids with purified E.coli phospholipid: formation of haloamines and halohydrins. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: General Subjects, 1392, 254-264.
Vissers, M. C. M., Carr, A. C., & Chapman, A. L. P. (1998). A comparison of human red cell lysis by hypochlorous and hypobromous acid: insights into the mechanism of lysis. Biochemical Journal, 330, 131-138. doi: 10.1042/bj3300131
1997
Journal - Research Article
Carr, A. C., Vissers, M. C., Domigan, N. M., & Winterbourn, C. C. (1997). Modification of red cell membrane lipids by hypochlorus acid and haemolysis by preformed lipid chlorohydrins. Redox Report, 3, 263-271.
Domigan, N. M., Carr, A. C., Lewis, J. G., Elder, P. A., & Winterbourn, C. C. (1997). A monoclonal antibody recognizing the chlorohydrin derivatives of oleic acid for probing hypochlorous acid involvement in tissue injury. Redox Report, 3(2), 111-117.
Carr, A., & Winterbourn, C. C. (1997). Oxidation of neutrophil glutathione and protein thiols by myeloperoxidase-derived hypochlorous acid. Biochemical Journal, 327(1), 275-281.
Carr, A., Winterbourn, C. C., Blunt, J. W. W., Phillips, A., & Abell, A. D. (1997). Nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of 6a-chloro-5b-cholestane-3b, 5-diol formed from the reaction of hypochlorous acid with cholesterol. Lipids, 32(4), 363-367.
1996
Journal - Research Article
Carr, A., van den Berg, J. J. M., & Winterbourn, C. C. (1996). Chlorination of cholesterol in cell membranes by hypochlorous acid. Archives of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 332, 63-69.
Carr, A., Winterbourn, C. C., & van den Berg, J. J. M. (1996). Peroxidase-mediated bromination of unsaturated fatty acids to form bromohydrins. Archives of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 327, 227-233.
1995
Journal - Research Article
Inder, T. E., Carr, A. C., Winterbourn, C. C., Austin, N. C., & Darlow, B. A. (1995). Vitamin A and E status in very low birth weight infants: Development of an improved parenteral delivery system. Journal of Pediatrics, 126(1), 128-131. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70515-5
1994
Journal - Research Article
Kettle, A. J., Carr, A. C., & Winterbourn, C. C. (1994). Assays using horseradish peroxidase and phenolic substrates require superoxide dismutase for accurate determination of hydrogen peroxide production by neutrophils. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 17(2), 161-164.
Thomas, C., Carr, A. C., & Winterbourn, C. C. (1994). Free radical inactivation of rabbit muscle creatinine kinase: Catalysis by physiological and hydrolized ICRF-187 (ICRF-198) iron chelates. Free Radical Research, 21(6), 387-397.
1993
Journal - Research Article
Winterbourn, C. C., & Carr, A. C. (1993). Myeloperoxidase-dependent loss of malondialdehyde: A limitation for detecting neutrophil-mediated lipid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 302(2), 461-467. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1993.1240