Red X icon
Green tick icon
Yellow tick icon
Skip to main content
Current students
Staff
Alumni
Library
Contact
Home
Clear search
Open search
Close search
Open menu
Close menu
Toggle submenu
Ngā tauira o āpōpō
Future Students
Return to previous menu
Ngā tauira o āpōpō
Future Students
Toggle submenu
Future Students
Return to previous menu
Future Students
Future Students
Why Otago?
Subjects
About Dunedin
Accommodation
Entry requirements
Fees and scholarships
Key dates for applications
Preparing for university
Connect with us
International students
Postgraduate
PHD programme
Summer school
Open days
Toggle submenu
Are you looking for...
Return to previous menu
Are you looking for...
Otago MBA
Health Sciences First Year
University of Otago, Christchurch
University of Otago, Wellington
Toggle submenu
Ako Ōtākou
Learning and Teaching
Return to previous menu
Ako Ōtākou
Learning and Teaching
Toggle submenu
Learning and teaching
Return to previous menu
Learning and teaching
Learning and teaching
Departments and schools
Subjects and papers
Qualifications
Continuing education
Distance learning
Summer school
Student exchange
Academic integrity
Scholarships
Student grievances
University communications
Toggle submenu
Information for future students
Return to previous menu
Information for future students
Information for future students
Enrolment
Entrance requirements
Fees guide
Planning your degree
Terminology
Toggle submenu
Postgraduate study
Return to previous menu
Postgraduate study
Postgraduate study
Graduate research
Research Masters
PhD
Coursework postgraduate
Toggle submenu
Information for current students
Return to previous menu
Information for current students
Information for current students
Exams
Graduation
Student Learning Development
Textbooks
Timetables
Toggle submenu
Are you looking for...
Return to previous menu
Are you looking for...
Academic Key Dates
Course Advice
Services and Support
Toggle submenu
Rangahau
Research
Return to previous menu
Rangahau
Research
Toggle submenu
Research
Return to previous menu
Research
Research
DVC's welcome
Our people at Research and Enterprise
Research collaboration
Research strengths
Research highlights
Research consultation with Māori
Pacific Research Protocol
About Performance-Based Research Fund
Facilities and special collections
Toggle submenu
For researchers
Return to previous menu
For researchers
For researchers
Applying for research funding
Funding opportunities
Toggle submenu
For postgraduate students
Return to previous menu
For postgraduate students
For postgraduate students
Graduate Research School
Library services for research
Otago Post
PhD
Research masters'
Scholarships
Toggle submenu
Departments and schools
Return to previous menu
Departments and schools
Departments and schools
Otago Business School research
Health Sciences research
Humanities research at Otago
Division of Sciences research
Toggle submenu
Are you looking for...
Return to previous menu
Are you looking for...
Research Expertise
For students
Research Awards
Toggle submenu
Māori ki Ōtākou
Māori at Otago
Return to previous menu
Māori ki Ōtākou
Māori at Otago
Toggle submenu
Māori at Otago
Return to previous menu
Māori at Otago
Māori at Otago
Māori strategic framework
Mana whenua
Te Ao Māori
Rangahau Māori
Kaimahi
Tauira
Toggle submenu
Māori student support services
Return to previous menu
Māori student support services
Māori student support services
Māori Centre
Māori Liaison Officers
Māori Resources Collection
Te Rōpū Māori Student Association
Office of DVC Māori
Toggle submenu
Are you looking for...
Return to previous menu
Are you looking for...
Student Accommodation
Scholarships
Subjects and Papers
Toggle submenu
Pacific ki Ōtākou
Pacific at Otago
Return to previous menu
Pacific ki Ōtākou
Pacific at Otago
Toggle submenu
Pacific at Otago
Return to previous menu
Pacific at Otago
Pacific at Otago
Pacific Development at Otago
Thinking of Otago?
News and events
Pacific staff
Pacific research
Kickstart 101
Contact us
Toggle submenu
For current students
Return to previous menu
For current students
For current students
Pacific Islands Centre
Va'a o Tautai student support - Division of Health Sciences
Pacific at University of Otago Wellington
Student Learning Centre
International Office
Fiji Club
Pacific Island Health Professional Students Association
Samoan Students Association
Tongan Students Association
Toggle submenu
Are you looking for...
Return to previous menu
Are you looking for...
Academic Support
Subjects and Papers
Scholarships
Student Accommodation
Student Health
Toggle submenu
Te Whirika
International
Return to previous menu
Te Whirika
International
Toggle submenu
International at Otago
Return to previous menu
International at Otago
International at Otago
International strategy and partnerships
Contact the International Office
Information for Education Consultants
Toggle submenu
Future international students
Return to previous menu
Future international students
Future international students
Why choose Otago?
Subjects and study options
Entrance requirements
How to apply
Scholarships for international students
International tuition fees
Incoming Exchange and Study Abroad students
Prepare for Otago
Accommodation and living costs
Visa and insurance
Meet Otago in your country
Chat with our current international students
Toggle submenu
Current international students
Return to previous menu
Current international students
Current international students
International student advisers
Visa renewal and passports
Insurance claims
Student health
Semester exchange for Otago students
For all current students
Toggle submenu
Are you looking for...
Return to previous menu
Are you looking for...
Key dates for new international students
Search for papers
Pathway and English Language Centre
Student exchange partner universities
Toggle submenu
Mō Ōtākou
About Otago
Return to previous menu
Mō Ōtākou
About Otago
Toggle submenu
About Otago
Return to previous menu
About Otago
About Otago
Welcome
History
City and region
Campuses and maps
News and events
Quick statistics
Accommodation
Otago Fellows
Toggle submenu
Administration
Return to previous menu
Administration
Administration
Official documents
Administrative resources
Structure
University Council and Committees
Service divisions
Policy database
Otago's commitment to social responsibility
Visitors' Centre
Toggle submenu
Departments and Schools
Return to previous menu
Departments and Schools
Departments and Schools
Otago Business School research
Health Sciences research
Humanities research at Otago
Division of Sciences research
Toggle submenu
Careers at Otago
Return to previous menu
Careers at Otago
Careers at Otago
Working at Otago
Living in NZ
Toggle submenu
Are you looking for...
Return to previous menu
Are you looking for...
Open Days
University of Otago, Christchurch
University of Otago, Wellington
Current students
Staff
Alumni
Library
Contact
Ngā tauira o āpōpō
Future Students
Future Students
Why Otago?
Subjects
About Dunedin
Accommodation
Entry requirements
Fees and scholarships
Key dates for applications
Preparing for university
Connect with us
International students
Postgraduate
PHD programme
Summer school
Open days
Are you looking for...
Otago MBA
Health Sciences First Year
University of Otago, Christchurch
University of Otago, Wellington
Ako Ōtākou
Learning and Teaching
Learning and teaching
Departments and schools
Subjects and papers
Qualifications
Continuing education
Distance learning
Summer school
Student exchange
Academic integrity
Scholarships
Student grievances
University communications
Information for future students
Enrolment
Entrance requirements
Fees guide
Planning your degree
Terminology
Postgraduate study
Graduate research
Research Masters
PhD
Coursework postgraduate
Information for current students
Exams
Graduation
Student Learning Development
Textbooks
Timetables
Are you looking for...
Academic Key Dates
Course Advice
Services and Support
Rangahau
Research
Research
DVC's welcome
Our people at Research and Enterprise
Research collaboration
Research strengths
Research highlights
Research consultation with Māori
Pacific Research Protocol
About Performance-Based Research Fund
Facilities and special collections
For researchers
Applying for research funding
Funding opportunities
For postgraduate students
Graduate Research School
Library services for research
Otago Post
PhD
Research masters'
Scholarships
Departments and schools
Otago Business School research
Health Sciences research
Humanities research at Otago
Division of Sciences research
Are you looking for...
Research Expertise
For students
Research Awards
Māori ki Ōtākou
Māori at Otago
Māori at Otago
Māori strategic framework
Mana whenua
Te Ao Māori
Rangahau Māori
Kaimahi
Tauira
Māori student support services
Māori Centre
Māori Liaison Officers
Māori Resources Collection
Te Rōpū Māori Student Association
Office of DVC Māori
Are you looking for...
Student Accommodation
Scholarships
Subjects and Papers
Pacific ki Ōtākou
Pacific at Otago
Pacific at Otago
Pacific Development at Otago
Thinking of Otago?
News and events
Pacific staff
Pacific research
Kickstart 101
Contact us
For current students
Pacific Islands Centre
Va'a o Tautai student support - Division of Health Sciences
Pacific at University of Otago Wellington
Student Learning Centre
International Office
Fiji Club
Pacific Island Health Professional Students Association
Samoan Students Association
Tongan Students Association
Are you looking for...
Academic Support
Subjects and Papers
Scholarships
Student Accommodation
Student Health
Te Whirika
International
International at Otago
International strategy and partnerships
Contact the International Office
Information for Education Consultants
Future international students
Why choose Otago?
Subjects and study options
Entrance requirements
How to apply
Scholarships for international students
International tuition fees
Incoming Exchange and Study Abroad students
Prepare for Otago
Accommodation and living costs
Visa and insurance
Meet Otago in your country
Chat with our current international students
Current international students
International student advisers
Visa renewal and passports
Insurance claims
Student health
Semester exchange for Otago students
For all current students
Are you looking for...
Key dates for new international students
Search for papers
Pathway and English Language Centre
Student exchange partner universities
Mō Ōtākou
About Otago
About Otago
Welcome
History
City and region
Campuses and maps
News and events
Quick statistics
Accommodation
Otago Fellows
Administration
Official documents
Administrative resources
Structure
University Council and Committees
Service divisions
Policy database
Otago's commitment to social responsibility
Visitors' Centre
Departments and Schools
Otago Business School research
Health Sciences research
Humanities research at Otago
Division of Sciences research
Careers at Otago
Working at Otago
Living in NZ
Are you looking for...
Open Days
University of Otago, Christchurch
University of Otago, Wellington
Home
...
Courses
Papers
"bioc461?papercode=bioc461?papercode=bioc461?papercode=bioc461" Papers
Papers for "bioc461?papercode=bioc461?papercode=bioc461?papercode=bioc461" not found.
Back to top
