Another example of King’s revolutionary power occurs at the
beginning of his novel, where the origin of the all-powerful, Judeo-Christian
God is challenged. God is reduced to a "contrary", "silly … Coyote dream",
whose status is only grudgingly improved through his tenacity and obnoxious
insistence on being viewed as a "big god" rather than a "little one":
I am god, says that Dog Dream.
"Isn’t that cute," says Coyote. "That Dog Dream is a contrary. That Dog
Dream has everything backward."
But why am I a little god? shouts that god.
"Not so loud," says Coyote. "You’re hurting my ears."
I don’t want to be a little god, says that god. I want to be a big god!
"What a noise," says Coyote. "This dog has no manners."
Big one!
"Okay, okay", says Coyote. "Just stop shouting."
There, says that GOD. That’s better. (2-3)
By relegating God to the status of a disobedient dream, King challenges
the existence of such a God and implies that Judeo-Christianity is not a
reality but an illusion. Through recreating and renaming the pivotal figures
of Christianity, King seizes the authoritative role of members of the Euro-Canadian
establishment who have tricked and attempted to assimilate, and thus recreate,
Native individuals since the advent of colonisation.
King, as trickster, reverses the conventional binary constructions that
dictate the white European is the authority while the Native is Other. King
states in his introduction to the critical text The Native in Literature
that "the dissipated savage, the barbarous savage, and the heroic savage—should
be familiar to any contemporary reader, for they represent the full but limited
range of Indian characters in literature" (8). The one component that all
three archetypes have in common is the word "savage". According to King, such
characters are restricted to the position of savage, the only variation being
whether they are classified as debauched, uncivilised, or courageous. This
extremely restricted list of literary options for Native characters has supported
and promoted the perception of Native peoples as caricatures.
King actively engages with caricature in this novel’s examinations of the
genres of the Western movie and the related Western novel. Eli, a retired
Native professor of English Literature from the University of Toronto, has
an ironic attraction to the Western novel, a work characterized by covers
featuring "a beautiful blond woman, her hands raised in surrender, watching
horrified as a fearsome Indian with a lance rode her down" (177). These novels
are described by his partner’s white father as "sleazy little cowboy and Indian
shoot-’em-ups" (185) and are filled with stereotyped dialogue:
"Tomorrow is a good day to die," said Iron Eyes, his arms
folded across his chest, etc., etc., etc.
Eli flipped ahead, trying to outdistance the "glistenings" and the "tremblings"
and the "good-day-to-dyings."
Flip, flip, flip. (224)
Despite his hope that the novel will be different to the clichéd
Westerns he has read in the past, he finds himself continually confronted
with a seemingly endless stream of stereotypes.
The stereotypes inherent in these novels encourage people to view Native
individuals in a certain way. This is exemplified when Eli becomes the incarnation
of the "Mystic Warrior", an Indian chief in a clichéd Western novel,
for his partner, Karen. She is fascinated by Eli’s exoticism and uses him
to tokenistically experience Blackfoot culture from which he himself feels
alienated at the time. When they arrive at the Sun Dance she observes, "It’s
like it’s right out of a movie" (227). She judges it against representations
of ‘Indianness’ that she has witnessed in popular culture. She integrates
the constructions of Indians found in books and movies created by dominant
white culture with the limited experience of Blackfoot culture that she has
gleaned from Eli to create a warped perception of what it means to be a Native
individual in contemporary Canada. Her inability to persuade Eli
to reconnect with his roots and to return to the Sun Dance, indicates clearly
that this type of cultural voyeurism does not support the creation of a space
facilitating understanding of Native peoples by anyone and instead, supports
the centring of cultural knowledge around metonymically frozen concepts of
Native reality.