2024
Journal - Research Other
Christensen, P., Cinzah, R., Suwanarusk, R., Chua, A. C. Y., Kaneko, O., Kyle, D. E., Aung, H. L., Matheson, J., … Cook, G. M., … Russell, B. (2024). Extended blood stage sensitivity profiles of Plasmodium cynomolgi to doxycycline and tafenoquine, as a model for Plasmodium vivax. Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1128/aac.00280-24
Tun, T., Baleivanualala, S. C., Erdmann, M. B., Gimenez, G., & Aung, H. L. (2024). An extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from Myanmar [Genome note]. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, 36, 1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.11.004
2023
Journal - Research Article
Phyu, A. N., Aung, S. T., Palittapongarnpim, P., Htet, K. K. K., Mahasirimongkol, S., Ruangchai, W., … Aung, H. L., … Chongsuvivatwong, V. (2023). Genomic sequencing profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mandalay region, Myanmar. Tropical Medicine & Infectious Disease, 8, 239. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed8040239
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
van Os, M., Cross, H., Kardailsky, O., Jeunen, G.-J., Collins, C., McDonald, K., Kinaston, R., Vlok, M., Walter, R., Cook, G., Aung, H. L., Matisoo-Smith, L., Buckley, H., & Knapp, M. (2023). The conundrum of related taxa: Detection and authentication of pathogen DNA in bioarchaeological samples from the Pacific. Proceedings of the 1st Australian & New Zealand Environmental DNA (eDNA) Conference: Innovation & Application. Retrieved from https://ednaconference.com.au
2022
Journal - Research Article
Aung, S. T., Nyunt, W. W., Moe, M. M., Aung, H. L., & Lwin, T. (2022). The fourth national tuberculosis prevalence survey in Myanmar. PLOS Global Public Health, 2(6), e0000588. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000588
Phyu, A. N., Aung, S. T., Palittapongarnpim, P., Htet, K. K. K., Mahasirimongkol, S., Aung, H. L., … Chongsuvivatwong, V. (2022). Distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages and drug resistance in Upper Myanmar. Tropical Medicine & Infectious Disease, 7, 448. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120448
Christensen, P., Racklyeft, A., Ward, K. E., Matheson, J., Suwanarusk, R., Chua, A. C. Y., … Aung, H. L., … Cook, G. M., … Russell, B. (2022). Improving in vitro continuous cultivation of Plasmodium cynomolgi, a model for P. vivax. Parasitology International, 89, 102589. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102589
Journal - Research Other
Mulholland, C. V., Gimenez, G., Williamson, A., Steele, M., Thorpe, D., Karalus, N., … Cook, G. M., … Aung, H. L. (2022). Complete genome sequence of a New Zealand Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain responsible for ongoing transmission over the past 30 years. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 11(11). doi: 10.1128/mra.00781-22
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
van Os, M., Cross, H., Kardailsky, O., Collins, C., Walter, R., Cook, G., Aung, H. L., Matisoo-Smith, L., Buckley, H., & Knapp, M. (2022). Pathogen hunters: Using ancient DNA to authenticate the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other microbes in early Polynesian settlers of Aotearoa New Zealand. Proceedings of the Genetics Otago (GO) Annual Symposium. Retrieved from https://blogs.otago.ac.nz/go
van Os, M., Cross, H., Kardailsky, O., Collins, C., Walter, R., Cook, G., Aung, H. L., Matisoo-Smith, L., Buckley, H., & Knapp, M. (2022). Pathogen hunters: Using ancient DNA to authenticate the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other microbes in early Polynesian settlers of Aotearoa New Zealand. Proceedings of the New Zealand Archaeological Association (NZAA) Annual Conference. (pp. 39). Retrieved from https://nzarchaeology.org
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Aung, H. L. (2022, August). Genetic diversity and transmission patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in low and high tuberculosis burden countries. Verbal presentation at the Webster Centre for Infectious Diseases Satellite Meeting: Queenstown Research Week, Queenstown, New Zealand.
2021
Journal - Research Article
Aung, H. L., Nyunt, W. W., Fong, Y., Biggs, P. J., Winkworth, R. C., Lockhart, P. J., … Hill, P. C., Cook, G. M., & Aung, S. T. (2021). Genomic profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, Myanmar. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 27(11), 2847-2855. doi: 10.3201/eid2711.210726.
Aung, S. T., Thu, A., Aung, H. L., & Thu, M. (2021). Measuring catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis in Myanmar. Tropical Medicine & Infectious Disease, 6(3), 130. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed6030130
Parker, H. A., Dickerhof, N., Forrester, L., Ryburn, H., Smyth, L., Messens, J., Aung, H. L., Cook, G. M., Kettle, A. J., & Hampton, M. B. (2021). Mycobacterium smegmatis resists the bactericidal activity of hypochlorous acid produced in neutrophil phagosomes. Journal of Immunology, 206, 1901-1912. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001084
Journal - Research Other
Humblestone, L., Arnold, B., & Aung, H. L. (2021). Translating whole-genome sequence data for drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis diagnostics in clinics. New Zealand Medical Journal, 134(1533), 115-117. Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Talalima, T. S. A., Gimenez, G., & Aung, H. L. (2021). A genomic voyage: Exploring tuberculosis in Pasifika. In M. Colombo, P. Vakaoti, R. Richards, M. Schaaf, M. Taumoepeau & L. Moata'ane (Eds.), Proceedings of the Pacific Postgraduate Symposium: Pacific Voices XVIII. (pp. 41). Dunedin, New Zealand: Pacific Islands Centre, University of Otago. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/16236
van Os, M., Cross, H., Kardailsky, O., Collins, C., McDonald, K., Kinaston, R., Vlok, M., Walter, R., Cook, G., Aung, H. L., Matisoo-Smith, L., Buckley, H., & Knapp, M. (2021). Tuberculosis or soil bacteria? Detection and authentication of highly degraded M. tuberculosis DNA in bioarchaeological remains from the Pacific. Proceedings of the Genetics Otago (GO) Annual Symposium. Retrieved from https://blogs.otago.ac.nz/go
2020
Journal - Research Article
Maung, H. M. W., Palittapongarnpim, P., Aung, H. L., Surachat, K., Nyunt, W. W., & Chongsuvivatwong, V. (2020). Geno-spatial distribution of mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug resistance profiles in Myanmar-Thai border area. Tropical Medicine & Infectious Disease, 5(4), 153. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed5040153
Lee, B. M., Harold, L. K., Almeida, D. V., Afrait-Jurnou, L., Aung, H. L., Forde, B. M., Hards, K., … Cook, G. M., & Jackson, C. J. (2020). Predicting nitroimidazole antibiotic resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis with protein engineering. PLoS Pathogens, 16(2), e1008287. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008287
Journal - Research Other
McDonald, S. K., Matisoo-Smith, E. A., Buckley, H. R., Walter, R. K., Aung, H. L., Collins, C. J., Cook, G. M., Kardailsky, O., Krause, K., & Knapp, M. (2020). 'TB or not TB': The conundrum of pre-European contact tuberculosis in the Pacific. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 375, 20190583. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0583
2019
Journal - Research Article
Mulholland, C. V., Shockey, A. C., Aung, H. L., Cursons, R. T., O'Toole, R. F., Gautam, S. S., … Cook, G. M., … Arcus, V. L. (2019). Dispersal of Mycobacterium tuberculosis driven by historical European trade in the South Pacific. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 2778. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02778
Lu, X., Williams, Z., Hards, K., Tang, J., Cheung, C.-Y., Aung, H. L., … Cook, G. M. (2019). Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine inhibitor of the respiratory cytochrome bcc complex for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. ACS Infectious Diseases, 5(2), 239-249. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00225
Journal - Research Other
Aung, H. L., Devine, T. J., Mulholland, C. V., Arcus, V. L., & Cook, G. M. (2019). Tackling tuberculosis in the indigenous people of New Zealand. Lancet Public Health, 4(10), e496. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30180-X
Aung, H. L., & Devine, T. J. (2019). Reducing the burden of tuberculosis in the Māori, the Indigenous people of New Zealand. Lancet Global Health, 7(7), e845. doi: 10.1016/s2214-109x(19)30236-0
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Taylor, J. T., Cook, G. M., Gimenez, G., & Aung, H. L. (2019). Otara: Fighting tuberculosis on the home front. In A. Finigan, P. Vakaoti, R. Richards & M. Schaaf (Eds.), Proceedings of the Pacific Postgraduate Symposium: Pacific Voices XVI. (pp. 31). Dunedin, New Zealand: The Pacific Islands Centre, University of Otago. Retrieved from https://www.otago.ac.nz/pacific
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Knapp, M., McDonald, S. K., Buckley, H., Kardailsky, O., Aung, H. L., Cross, H., Jeunen, G.-J., Matisoo-Smith, E., Walter, R., & Cook, G. M. (2019, August-September). Origin and evolution of tuberculosis in New Zealand. Verbal presentation at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.
2018
Journal - Research Article
Basu, I., Bower, J. E., Roberts, S. A., Henderson, G., Aung, H. L., Cook, G., … Newton, S. (2018). Utility of whole genome sequencing for multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in a reference TB laboratory in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, 131(1487), 15-22. Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Mortuza, R., Aung, H. L., Taiaroa, G., Opel-Reading, H. K., Kleffmann, T., Cook, G. M., & Krause, K. L. (2018). Overexpression of a newly identified d-amino acid transaminase in Mycobacterium smegmatis complements glutamate racemase deletion. Molecular Microbiology, 107(2), 198-213. doi: 10.1111/mmi.13877
Journal - Research Other
Aung, H. L., Nyunt, W. W., Fong, Y., Russell, B., Cook, G. M., & Aung, S. T. (2018). Acquired resistance to antituberculosis drugs. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(11), 2134. doi: 10.3201/eid2411.180465
Htuna, K. S., Fong, Y., Kyaw, A. A., Aung, S. T., Oo, K. Z., Zaw, T., … Russell, B., Cook, G. M., Aung, H. L., & Hlaing, T. M. (2018). Microbiome dataset from the upper respiratory tract of patients living with HIV, HIV/TB and TB from Myanmar [Data article]. Data in Brief, 21, 354-357. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.003
Mulholland, C. V., Thorpe, D., Cursons, R. T., Karalus, N., Fong, Y., Arcus, V. L., Cook, G. M., & Aung, H. L. (2018). Evaluation of the rapid molecular diagnostic test for the New Zealand Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rangipo strain in a clinical setting. New Zealand Medical Journal, 131(1478), 70-72. Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Aung, H. L., Tun, T., Nyunt, W. W., Fong, Y., Crump, J. A., Thinn, K. K., … Cook, G. M. (2018). Association between anti-tuberculosis drug resistance-conferring mutations and treatment outcomes in Myanmar. Infectious Diseases, 50(5), 388-390. doi: 10.1080/23744235.2017.1404632
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Mulholland, C. V., Aung, H. L., Karalus, N., Cursons, R. T., Roberts, S. A., Cook, G. M., … Arcus, V. L. (2018). Mycobacterium tuberculosis accompanies historic European trade expansion in the South Pacific. Proceedings of the New Zealand Microbiological Society (NZMS) New Zealand Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NZSBMB) Joint Annual Conference: Microbes & Molecules. (pp. 46). Retrieved from https://www.nzmsconference.org.nz
Playle, V. M., Basu, I., Cook, G. M., Aung, H. L., Crawshaw, S., Hay, D., & Roberts, S. (2018). The molecular epidemiology of a MIRU-VNTR linked Mycobacterium tuberculosis cluster in New Zealand. Proceedings of the Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases (ASID) New Zealand Annual Meeting. Retrieved from https://www.asid.net.au
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Saul, D., Rawle, C. B., Muralidhar, A., Rand, C. J., Mayall, K., Boykin, L., McNeil, M., Aung, H. L., & Stanton, J. L. (2018, December). Reliable sample preparation technology for point-of-need applications. Verbal presentation at the 4th One Health Aotearoa (OHA) Symposium, Wellington, New Zealand.
Aung, H. L., Nyunt, W. W., Fong, Y., Cook, G. M., & Aung, S. T. (2018, November). A molecular weapon to combat tuberculosis: The role of next-generation sequencing in the management of tuberculosis in high burden settings. Verbal presentation at the Proceedings of the New Zealand Microbiological Society (NZMS) New Zealand Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NZSBMB) Joint Annual Conference: Microbes & Molecules, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Aung, H. L. (2018, August). Investigating transmission dynamics of tuberculosis for the design of effective interventions in Myanmar: Lessons from a high-burden setting. Verbal presentation at the Australasian Tuberculosis Conference, Wellington, New Zealand.
2017
Journal - Research Article
Nakatani, Y., Opel-Reading, H. K., Merker, M., Machado, D., Andres, S., Kumar, S. S., … Aung, H. L., Cook, G. M., … Krause, K., & Köser, C. U. (2017). Role of alanine racemase mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis D-cycloserine resistance. Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy, 61(12), e01575-17. doi: 10.1128/aac.01575-17
Mulholland, C. V., Ruthe, A., Cursons, R. T., Durrant, R., Karalus, N., Coley, K., … Permina, E., Coleman, M. J., … Cook, G. M., & Aung, H. L. (2017). Rapid molecular diagnosis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rangipo strain responsible for the largest recurring TB cluster in New Zealand. Diagnostic Microbiology & Infectious Disease, 88(2), 138-140. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.03.012
Journal - Research Other
Nyunt, W. W., Aung, S. T., Cook, G. M., & Aung, H. L. (2017). Evaluation of the genotype MTBDRsl test for detection of second-line drug resistance in drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Myanmar. Infectious Diseases, 49(11-12), 865-866. doi: 10.1080/23744235.2017.1341056
Aung, H. L., Nyunt, W. W., Fong, Y., Cook, G. M., & Aung, S. T. (2017). First 2 extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis cases from Myanmar treated with bedaquiline. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 65(3), 531-532. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix365
Nyunt, W. W., Aung, S. T., Lwin, T., Cook, G. M., & Aung, H. L. (2017). First- and second-line antituberculosis drug resistance patterns among previous treatment failure patients in Myanmar. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, 9, 34-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.02.007
Tun, T., Aye, K. S., Nyunt, W. W., Crump, J. A., Nakajima, C., Suzuki, Y., … Cook, G. M., & Aung, H. L. (2017). Genotypic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Myanmar. Infectious Diseases, 49(3), 237-239. doi: 10.1080/23744235.2016.1231419
Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)
Opel-Reading, H., Nakatani, Y., Aung, H. L., Cook, G. M., & Krause, K. L. (2017, September). The impact of Mycobacterium tuberculosis alanine racemase mutations on D-cycloserine inhibition. Poster session presented at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Aung, H. L. (2017, December). Combating tuberculosis at international frontlines. Verbal presentation at the 3rd One Health Aotearoa Symposium, Wellington, New Zealand.
Aung, H. (2017, September). Whole-genome sequencing for the management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Myanmar. Verbal presentation at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.
2016
Journal - Research Article
Aung, H. L., Tun, T., Permina, E., Nyunt, W. W., Aung, S. T., Thinn, K. K., Crump, J. A., & Cook, G. M. (2016). Draft genome sequences of two drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Myanmar. Genome Announcements, 4(5), e00850-16. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00850-16
Petridis, M., Vickers, C., Robson, J., McKenzie, J. L., Bereza, M., Sharrock, A., Aung, H. L., … Cook, G. M. (2016). Structure and function of AmtR in Mycobacterium smegmatis: Implications for post-transcriptional regulation of urea metabolism through a small antisense RNA. Journal of Molecular Biology, 428(21), 4315-4329. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.09.009
Aung, H. L., Tun, T., Moradigaravand, D., Köser, C. U., Nyunt, W. W., Aung, S. T., … Crump, J. A., … Cook, G. M., & Hill, P. C. (2016). Whole-genome sequencing of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Myanmar. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, 6, 113-117. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2016.04.008
Journal - Research Other
Tun, T., Nyunt, W. W., Latt, K. Z., Samaranayaka, A., Crump, J. A., Thinn, K. K., Cook, G. M., & Aung, H. L. (2016). Drug-resistant tuberculosis among previously treated patients in Yangon, Myanmar. International Journal of Mycobacteriology, 5(3), 366-367. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2016.06.004
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Williams, Z. C., Hards, K., Aung, H. L., & Cook, G. M. (2016, November). Regulation of cytochrome bd in mycobacteria in response to carbon and oxygen availability. Verbal presentation at the Joint Meeting of the New Zealand Microbiological Society (NZMS) and the New Zealand Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NZSBMB), Christchurch, New Zealand.
2015
Journal - Research Article
Aung, H. L., Dixon, L. L., Smith, L. J., Sweeney, N. P., Robson, J. R., Berney, M., … Cook, G. M. (2015). Novel regulatory roles of cAMP receptor proteins in fast-growing environmental mycobacteria. Microbiology, 161(3), 648-661. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.000015
Aung, H. L., Samaranayaka, C. U. K., Enright, R., Beggs, K. T., & Monk, B. C. (2015). Characterisation of the DNA gyrase from the thermophilic eubacterium Thermus thermophilus. Protein Expression & Purification, 107, 62-67. doi: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.11.009
Journal - Research Other
Aung, H. L., Dey, D., Janssen, P. H., Ronimus, R. S., & Cook, G. M. (2015). A high-throughput screening assay for identification of inhibitors of the A1Ao-ATP synthase of the rumen methanogen Methanobrevibacter ruminantium M1 [Note]. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 110, 15-17. doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.12.022
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Krause, K., Poen, S., Mortuza, R., Nakatani, Y., Aung, H., Opel-Reading, H., & Cook, G. (2015). Glutamate racemase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: New genetic and structural insights into a target for antituberculosis drug design. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2(Suppl. 1), 881. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofv133.598
Aung, H. L., Tun, T., Moradigaravand, D., Köser, C. U., Nyunt, W. W., Aung, S. T., … Crump, J. A., … Cook, G. M., & Hill, P. C. (2015). Whole-genome sequencing of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Myanmar. Proceedings of the 8th Annual Otago International Health Research Network (OIHRN) Conference. (pp. 1). Retrieved from http://dnmeds.otago.ac.nz/departments/psm/research/international_hlth
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Aung, H. L., Tun, T., Moradigaravand, D., Köser, C. U., Nyunt, W. W., Aung, S. T., … Crump, J. A., … Cook, G. M., & Hill, P. C. (2015, August-September). Whole-genome sequencing of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Myanmar. Verbal presentation at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.
2014
Journal - Research Article
Aung, H. L., Berney, M., & Cook, G. M. (2014). Hypoxia-activated cytochrome bd expression in Mycobacterium smegmatis is cyclic AMP receptor protein dependent. Journal of Bacteriology, 196(17), 3091-3097. doi: 10.1128/jb.01771-14
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Krause, K. L., Poen, S., Mortuza, R., Li, Y., Aung, H., Milligan, D., Robson, J., Opel-Reading, H., … Cook, G. M. (2014). Glutamate racemase as a target for antibiotic design in tuberculosis. Proceedings of the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC). Retrieved from http://www.asm.org/index.php/meetings
2013
Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)
Aung, H. L., Robson, J. R., Berney, M., & Cook, G. M. (2013, August). Deciphering the physiological role of cAMP receptor proteins (CRP) in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Poster session presented at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.
2011
Journal - Research Other
McMillan, D. G. G., Ferguson, S. A., Dey, D., Schröder, K., Aung, H. L., Carbone, V., … Cook, G. M. (2011). A1Ao-ATP synthase of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium couples sodium ions for ATP synthesis under physiological conditions. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 286(46), 39882-39892. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.281675
2007
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Samaranayaka, C., Aung, H. L., & Monk, B. C. (2007). Reconstitution of a thermophilic DNA gyrase for drug discovery. New Zealand Medical Journal, 120(1255). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/120-1255/2574/content.pdf
Samaranayaka, C., Aung, H. L., & Monk, B. C. (2007). Reconstitution of a thermophilic DNA gyrase for drug discovery. Proceedings of the Faculty of Dentistry 3M Research Day. Retrieved from http://dentistry.otago.ac.nz/research/rd2007/presentations.html
Samaranayaka, C., Aung, H., & Monk, B. C. (2007). Reconstitution of a thermophilic DNA gyrase for drug discovery. Journal of Dental Research, 86(Spec Iss B). Retrieved from http://www.dentalresearch.org
2006
Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)
Aung, H. L., Samaranayaka, C. U. K., Beggs, K. T., & Monk, B. C. (2006, November). Characterisation of DNA gyrase from Thermus thermophilus. Poster session presented at the New Zealand Microbiological Society Conference, Hamilton, New Zealand.