Associate Professor
- Location
- Room 512
- Phone numbers
- 7755 (Office)
64 3 479 7755 (Office Direct Dial) - inga.smith@otago.ac.nz
- Research Group
- http://www.physics.otago.ac.nz/research/ice/
Biography
My research focus is ice-ocean interactions, particularly using high precision and high accuracy stable isotope and supercooling measurements to investigate critical thresholds for sea ice survival under warmer and higher CO2 conditions. I completed a University of Otago PhD on platelet ice formation in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica and followed this with two years as a postdoc at the University of East Anglia, researching the physical oceanography of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Since returning to New Zealand, I also lead a research team investigating greenhouse gas emissions from international transport, and been involved with research into energy use in buildings. I collaborate widely with modellers, observationalists, and remote sensing researchers from with Otago, New Zealand universities (especially the University of Canterbury and Victoria University of Wellington) and CRIs (NIWA and Callaghan Innovation), and internationally (particularly the University of Alaska Fairbanks and the University of Washington). Potential MSc or PhD students are welcome to contact me about potential ice, oceans, or energy-related projects.
Antarctic ice-ocean interactions
Sea ice is a crucial climate system component, influencing Earth's radiation budget, controlling ocean-atmosphere heat and mass exchange, and driving deep ocean convection. In the Arctic, sea ice extent and thickness have been dramatically declining. In Antarctica, sea ice extent has been increasing in some areas, and decreasing in others, and there is a lack of thickness data. The overall aim of my research is to understand how Antarctic sea ice will change over the next century. Are there critical thresholds (“tipping points”) for Antarctic sea ice survival that will be crossed in the warmer and higher CO2 world of the future? My team will address this question through ice-ocean interactions research, particularly looking at the influence of ice shelf basal melting on sea ice properties. If you are enthusiastic about joining our team to do an MSc or PhD, and you have excellent marks and love cold places, please look at the potential research areas below and get in touch.
Potential MSc/PhD areas:
- Sea ice formation processes: Arctic and Antarctic intercomparisons
- Antarctic sea ice melting processes
- Supercooling measurement and modelling
Physical oceanography
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is the strong, deep current encircling Antarctica that links the world's ocean basins. The ACC and its constituent fronts evolved over the last ~34 million years, and its transport of deep and surface waters has implications for sea ice extent and other polar ocean processes. If you are enthusiastic about joining our team to do an MSc or PhD, and you have excellent marks and love the ocean, please look at the potential research areas below and get in touch.
Potential MSc/PhD areas:
- Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) relationships with sea ice extent
- ACC and topographic steering
- Ice shelf cavity processes
Publications
Pauling, A. G., Smith, I. J., Ridley, J. K., Martin, T., Thomas, M., & Stevens, D. P. (2025). Impacts of Antarctic ice mass loss on New Zealand climate. Geophysical Research Letters, 52, e2024GL111047. doi: 10.1029/2024GL111047 Journal - Research Article
Wille, J. D., Alexander, S. P., Amory, C., Baiman, R., Barthélemy, L., Bergstrom, D. M., … Leonard, G. H., … Smith, I. J., … Zou, X. (2024). The extraordinary March 2022 East Antarctica “heat” wave. Part II: Impacts on the Antarctic ice sheet. Journal of Climate, 37, 780-799. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0176.s1 Journal - Research Article
Wille, J. D., Alexander, S. P., Amory, C., Baiman, R., Barthélemy, L., Bergstrom, D. M., … Leonard, G. H., … Smith, I. J., … Zou, X. (2024). The extraordinary March 2022 East Antarctica “heat” wave. Part I: Observations and meteorological drivers. Journal of Climate, 37, 757-778. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0175.s1 Journal - Research Article
Rack, W., Price, D., Haas, C., Tan, A., Heil, P., Kurtz, N. T., … Langhorne, P., Leonard, G. H., … Smith, I., & Chua, S. (2024). Coastal sea ice thickness in Antarctica from airborne measurements. Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Annual Meeting: What's Next For Science. C43I-06. [Abstract] Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Richter, M. E., Leonard, G. H., Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., & Parry, M. (2024). The interannual variability of Antarctic fast-ice thickness in McMurdo Sound and connections to climate. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 129(12), e2023JG020134. doi: 10.1029/2023JC020134 Journal - Research Article
2025
Journal - Research Article
Pauling, A. G., Smith, I. J., Ridley, J. K., Martin, T., Thomas, M., & Stevens, D. P. (2025). Impacts of Antarctic ice mass loss on New Zealand climate. Geophysical Research Letters, 52, e2024GL111047. doi: 10.1029/2024GL111047
2024
Journal - Research Article
Wille, J. D., Alexander, S. P., Amory, C., Baiman, R., Barthélemy, L., Bergstrom, D. M., … Leonard, G. H., … Smith, I. J., … Zou, X. (2024). The extraordinary March 2022 East Antarctica “heat” wave. Part II: Impacts on the Antarctic ice sheet. Journal of Climate, 37, 780-799. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0176.s1
Wille, J. D., Alexander, S. P., Amory, C., Baiman, R., Barthélemy, L., Bergstrom, D. M., … Leonard, G. H., … Smith, I. J., … Zou, X. (2024). The extraordinary March 2022 East Antarctica “heat” wave. Part I: Observations and meteorological drivers. Journal of Climate, 37, 757-778. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0175.s1
Richter, M. E., Leonard, G. H., Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., & Parry, M. (2024). The interannual variability of Antarctic fast-ice thickness in McMurdo Sound and connections to climate. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 129(12), e2023JG020134. doi: 10.1029/2023JC020134
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Rack, W., Price, D., Haas, C., Tan, A., Heil, P., Kurtz, N. T., … Langhorne, P., Leonard, G. H., … Smith, I., & Chua, S. (2024). Coastal sea ice thickness in Antarctica from airborne measurements. Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Annual Meeting: What's Next For Science. C43I-06. [Abstract]
Barras, P., Tan, A., Chua, S., Rack, W., Haas, C., Smith, I., & Heil, P. (2024). Snow on sea ice: Validation results for a new airborne snow radar over fast ice in McMurdo Sound. Proceedings of the XI Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) Open Science Conference. 1532. Retrieved from http://www.scar2024.org
Chen, J., Swart, N. C., Beadling, R. L., Hattermann, T., Cheng, X., Jüling, A., … Pauling, A. G., … Smith, I., & Thomas, M. (2024). The response of the deep convection and bottom water formation to the Antarctic meltwater. Proceedings of the Ocean Sciences Meeting (OSM). HE43B-08. Retrieved from https://agu.confex.com/agu/OSM24/meetingapp.cgi/
2023
Journal - Research Article
Swart, N. C., Martin, T., Beadling, R., Chen, J.-J., Danek, C., England, M. H., … Pauling, A. G., … Smith, I. J., & Thomas, M. (2023). The Southern Ocean Freshwater Input from Antarctica (SOFIA) initiative: Scientific objectives and experimental design. Geoscientific Model Development, 16, 7289-7309. doi: 10.5194/gmd-16-7289-2023
Chen, J.-J., Swart, N. C., Beadling, R., Cheng, X., Hattermann, T., Jüling, A., … Pauling, A. G., … Smith, I. J., & Thomas, M. (2023). Reduced deep convection and bottom water formation due to Antarctic meltwater in a multi-model ensemble. Geophysical Research Letters, 50(24), e2023GL106492. doi: 10.1029/2023GL106492
Thomas, M., Ridley, J. K., Smith, I. J., Stevens, D. P., Holland, P. R., & Mackie, S. (2023). Future response of Antarctic continental shelf temperatures to ice shelf basal melting and calving. Geophysical Research Letters, 50, e2022GL102101. doi: 10.1029/2022GL102101
Thomas, M., Cate, B., Garnett, J., Smith, I. J., Vancoppenolle, M., & Halsall, C. (2023). The effect of partial dissolution on sea-ice chemical transport: A combined model-observational study using poly- and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs). Cryosphere, 17, 3193-3201. doi: 10.5194/tc-17-3193-2023
Richter, M. E., Smith, I. J., Everts, J. R., Russell, P., Langhorne, P. J., & Leonard, G. H. (2023). The effect of pseudofrazil particle entrainment on salinity measurements. Earth & Space Science, 10, e2022EA002564. doi: 10.1029/2022EA002564
Richter, M. E., Leonard, G. H., Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., Mahoney, A. R., & Parry, M. (2023). Accuracy and precision when deriving sea-ice thickness from thermistor strings: A comparison of methods. Journal of Glaciology, 69(276), 879-898. doi: 10.1017/jog.2022.108
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Dadic, R., Martin, J., Pirazzini, R., Anderson, B., Cheng, B., Schneebeli, M., … Leonard, G., … Smith, I., … Wolfperger, F. (2023). Snow on Antarctic sea ice. Proceedings of the 21st Swiss Geosciences Meeting (SGM). (pp. 466). Bern, Switzerland: Swiss Academy of Sciences (SCNAT). Retrieved from https://geoscience-meeting.ch/sgm2023
Pauling, A., Thomas, M., Smith, I., Ridley, J., & Martin, T. (2023). What are the impacts on sea ice and climate from Antarctic ice-mass loss? An introduction to a multimodal experiment. Proceedings of the New Zealand-Australia Antarctic Science Conference (NZAASC): Latitudes of Change. (pp. 114-115). Retrieved from https://www.nzaasc.org
Richter, M. E., Smith, I. J., Everts, J. R., Russell, P., Langhorne, P. J., & Leonard, G. H. (2023). Effects of frazil ice in CTDs on measurements of supercooling. Proceedings of the New Zealand-Australia Antarctic Science Conference (NZAASC): Latitudes of Change. (pp. 111). Retrieved from https://www.nzaasc.org
Martin, J., Dadic, R., Pirazzini, R., Schneebeli, M., Anderson, B., Cheng, B., … Leonard, G., … Smith, I., … Wolfsperger, F. (2023). The influence of snow on Antarctic sea ice. Proceedings of the New Zealand-Australia Antarctic Science Conference (NZAASC): Latitudes of Change. (pp. 108). Retrieved from https://www.nzaasc.org
Richter, M. E., Leonard, G. H., Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., & Parry, M. (2023). Interannual variability of fast-ice thickness in McMurdo Sound: Drivers and trends. Proceedings of the New Zealand-Australia Antarctic Science Conference (NZAASC): Latitudes of Change. (pp. 84). Retrieved from https://www.nzaasc.org
2022
Journal - Research Article
Tarr, A. P., Smith, I. J., & Rodger, C. J. (2022). Carbon dioxide emissions from international air transport of people and freight: New Zealand as a case study. Environmental Research Communications, 4, 075012. doi: 10.1088/2515-7620/abf15d
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Richter, M. E., Smith, I. J., Leonard, G. H., Langhorne, P. J., & Russell, P. (2022). Variability in fast ice thickness in McMurdo Sound over 25 years and its connections to ocean, ice-shelf and atmosphere. Proceedings of the XXXVII Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) 10th Open Science Conference: Antarctica in a Changing World. (pp. 165). Retrieved from https://www.scar2022.org
Thomas, M., Smith, I., Mackie, S., Ridley, J., Stevens, D., & Bitz, C. (2022). Investigating climate impacts from Antarctic freshwater fluxes using HadGEM3-GC3.1. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography (ICSHMO). Retrieved from https://confer.eventsair.com/icshmo-2022
Smith, I., Pauling, A., Bitz, C., Lilly, K., Langhorne, P., & Hulbe, C. (2022). Impacts on Antarctic sea ice area of increased ice shelf meltwater over centennial timescales in CCSM4. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography (ICSHMO). Retrieved from https://confer.eventsair.com/icshmo-2022
Richter, M., Smith, I., Leonard, G., Langhorne, P., & Russell, P. (2022). All in balance? Interannual variability of the fast ice in McMurdo Sound over 25 years and its connections to ocean, ice-shelf and atmosphere. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography (ICSHMO). Retrieved from https://confer.eventsair.com/icshmo-2022
Leonard, G., Turner, K., Richter, M., Whittaker, M., & Smith, I. (2022). Assessing the impact of winter storms on the stability of a fast-ice cover through the application of a Modified Storm Index. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography (ICSHMO). Retrieved from https://confer.eventsair.com/icshmo-2022
Caldarella, N., Smith, I., Leonard, G., & Smedsrud, L. (2022). Comparative studies between acoustic observations of frazil ice and modelling of frazil ice in ice shelf water. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography (ICSHMO). Retrieved from https://confer.eventsair.com/icshmo-2022
Smith, I. J., Pauling, A. G., Bitz, C. M., Lilly, K., Langhorne, P. J., & Hulbe, C. L. (2022). What are the impacts on Antarctic sea ice area of increased ice shelf meltwater over centennial timescales in CCSM4? Proceedings of the Ocean Sciences Meeting (OSM). Retrieved from https://www.aslo.org/osm2022
Thomas, M., Smith, I., Mackie, S., Ridley, J., Stevens, D., & Bitz, C. (2022). Climate impacts from Antarctic freshwater fluxes using HadGEM3-GC3.1. Proceedings of the Ocean Sciences Meeting (OSM). Retrieved from https://www.aslo.org/osm2022
2021
Journal - Research Article
Leonard, G. H., Turner, K. E., Richter, M. E., Whittaker, M. S., & Smith, I. J. (2021). The anomalous winter 2019 sea-ice conditions in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica [Brief communication]. Cryosphere, 15(10), 4999-5006. doi: 10.5194/tc-15-4999-2021
Wongpan, P., Vancoppenolle, M., Langhorne, P. J., Smith, I. J., Madec, G., Gough, A. J., … Haskell, T. G. (2021). Sub‐ice platelet layer physics: Insights from a mushy‐layer sea ice model. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 126(6), e2019JC015918. doi: 10.1029/2019JC015918
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Thomas, M., Smith, I., Mackie, S., Ridley, J., Stevens, D., & Bitz, C. (2021). Enabling spatially varying rates of change of Antarctic freshwater fluxes in HadGEM3-GC3.1. Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute of Physics (NZIP) & Physikos Conference. Retrieved from https://confer.eventsair.com/nzip2021/
Richter, M., Smith, I., Leonard, G., Langhorne, P., & Russell, P. (2021). All in balance? The fast ice in McMurdo Sound over 25 years and its connections to ocean, ice-shelf and atmosphere. Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute of Physics (NZIP) & Physikos Conference. Retrieved from https://confer.eventsair.com/nzip2021/
Richter, M., Smith, I., Russell, P., Langhorne, P., & Leonard, G. (2021). The impact of frazil ice particles on supercooling measurements. Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute of Physics (NZIP) & Physikos Conference. Retrieved from https://confer.eventsair.com/nzip2021/
Caldarella, N., Smith, I., Russell, P., Walker, S., Leonard, G., & Smedsrud, L. (2021). Modelling and observation of frazil ice in ice shelf water. Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute of Physics (NZIP) & Physikos Conference. Retrieved from https://confer.eventsair.com/nzip2021/
Wu, Y. Y., Leonard, G. H., & Smith, I. J. (2021). A sea ice climatology for the coastal waters of Hut Point Peninsula, Ross Island. Proceedings of the New Zealand Antarctic Science Conference: Connecting through change. (pp. 52). Retrieved from https://www.antarcticanz.govt.nz/nzasc21
Russell, P., Smith, I. J., Dichek, D. J., Meister, M., Lopez, S., Richter, M. E., Walker, S., … Leonard, G. H., … Smedsrud, L. H. (2021). HiPSMI: High Precision Supercooling Measurement Instrument for supercooling measurements under ice shelves. Proceedings of the New Zealand Antarctic Science Conference: Connecting through change. (pp. 47-48). Retrieved from https://www.antarcticanz.govt.nz/nzasc21
Leonard, G., Turner, K., Richter, M., Smith, I., & Whittaker, M. (2021). The anomalous winter 2019 sea ice conditions in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Proceedings of the New Zealand Antarctic Science Conference: Connecting through change. (pp. 46). Retrieved from https://www.antarcticanz.govt.nz/nzasc21
Smith, I. J., Thomas, M., Mackie, S., Ridley, J. K., Stevens, D. P., & Bitz, C. M. (2021). Steps towards enabling spatially varying rates of change of Antarctic freshwater fluxes in HadGEM3-GC3.1. Proceedings of the New Zealand Antarctic Science Conference: Connecting through change. (pp. 45). Retrieved from https://www.antarcticanz.govt.nz/nzasc21
McLeod, T. L., Smith, I. J., & Leonard, G. H. (2021). An analysis of recent acoustic snow sensor deployments on sea ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Proceedings of the New Zealand Antarctic Science Conference: Connecting through change. (pp. 44). Retrieved from https://www.antarcticanz.govt.nz/nzasc21
Richter, M. E., Smith, I. J., Russell, P., Langhorne, P. J., & Leonard, G. H. (2021). The impact of frazil ice particles on supercooling measurements. Proceedings of the New Zealand Antarctic Science Conference: Connecting through change. (pp. 43). Retrieved from https://www.antarcticanz.govt.nz/nzasc21
Hoppmann, M., Richter, M. E., Smith, I. J., Jendersie, S., Langhorne, P. J., Thomas, D. N., & Dieckmann, G. S. (2021). What biologists and physical scientists need to know about platelet ice: The Southern Ocean's hidden ice. Proceedings of the New Zealand Antarctic Science Conference: Connecting through change. (pp. 41). Retrieved from https://www.antarcticanz.govt.nz/nzasc21
2020
Journal - Research Article
Mackie, S., Smith, I. J., Stevens, D. P., Ridley, J. K., & Langhorne, P. J. (2020). Interactions between increasing CO2 and antarctic melt rates. Journal of Climate, 33(20), 8939-8956. doi: 10.1175/jcli-d-19-0882.1
Mackie, S., Smith, I. J., Ridley, J. K., Stevens, D. P., & Langhorne, P. J. (2020). Climate response to increasing Antarctic iceberg and ice shelf melt. Journal of Climate, 33(20), 8917-8938. doi: 10.1175/jcli-d-19-0881.1
Mackie, S., Langhorne, P. J., Heorton, H. D. B. S., Smith, I. J., Feltham, D. L., & Schroeder, D. (2020). Sea ice formation in a coupled climate model including grease ice. Journal of Advances in Modelling Earth Systems, 12, e2020MS002103. doi: 10.1029/2020MS002103
Journal - Research Other
Hoppmann, M., Richter, M. E., Smith, I. J., Jendersie, S., Langhorne, P. J., Thomas, D. N., & Dieckmann, G. S. (2020). Platelet ice, the Southern Ocean's hidden ice: A review. Annals of Glaciology, 62, 82. doi: 10.1017/ aog.2020.54
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Smith, I., Mackie, S., Ridley, J. K., Stevens, D. P., Thomas, M., & Bitz, C. M. (2020). Towards enabling spatially varying rates of change of Antarctic freshwater fluxes in HadGEM3-GC3.1. Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting. GC116-0007. Retrieved from https://www.agu.org
Dichek, D., Meister, M., Mullen, A., Hurwitz, B., Lawrence, J., Bryson, F., … Smith, I., Russell, P., … Schmidt, B. (2020). Expanding the reach of science under ice: Opportunities for custom sensor integration of Icefin. Proceedings of the XXXVI Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) 9th Open Science Conference: Antarctic Science: Global Connections. 1391. Retrieved from https://www.scar2020.org
Wongpan, P., Vancoppenolle, M., Langhorne, P., Smith, I., Madec, G., Gough, A., … Haskell, T. (2020). Sub-ice platelet layer in a one-dimensional thermodynamic sea ice model. Proceedings of the XXXVI Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) 9th Open Science Conference: Antarctic Science: Global Connections. 45. Retrieved from https://www.scar2020.org
Leonard, G., Whittaker, M., Smith, I., Richter, M., & Turner, K. (2020). The anomalous sea ice conditions in McMurdo Sound during the winter of 2019. Proceedings of the XXXVI Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) 9th Open Science Conference: Antarctic Science: Global Connections. 746. Retrieved from https://www.scar2020.org
Richter, M. E., Smith, I. J., Leonard, G. H., Langhorne, P. J., & Mahoney, A. R. (2020). Where is it and what is it doing? Proceedings of the XXXVI Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) 9th Open Science Conference: Antarctic Science: Global Connections. 244. Retrieved from https://www.scar2020.org
Walker, S. J., Smith, I. J., & Russell, P. (2020). Frazil dynamics: Modelling small floating sea ice crystals. Proceedings of the New Zealand Snow & Ice Research Group (SIRG) Annual Meeting. (pp. 31). Retrieved from https://sirg.org.nz
Richter, M. E., Leonard, G. H., Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., & Mahoney, A. R. (2020). Not straight (forward): Where is the bottom of the sea ice? Proceedings of the New Zealand Snow & Ice Research Group (SIRG) Annual Meeting. (pp. 25). Retrieved from https://sirg.org.nz
Smith, I. J., Russell, P., Richter, M. E., Schmidt, B. E., Smedsrud, L. H., Leonard, G. H., … Everts, J. R. E., … Walker, S. J., & Whittaker, M. S. (2020). The HiPSMI project: High Precision Supercooling Measurement Instrument for supercooling measurements under ice shelves. Proceedings of the XXXVI Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) 9th Open Science Conference: Antarctic Science: Global Connections. 127. Retrieved from https://www.scar2020.org
Smith, I., Russell, P., Richter, M. E., Schmidt, B. E., Smedsrud, L. H., Leonard, G. H., … Everts, J. R., & Meister, M. R. (2020). Towards development of the High Precision Supercooling Measurement Instrument ("HiPSMI") for supercooling measurements under ice shelves. Proceedings of the Ocean Sciences Meeting (OSM). HE24B-1974. Retrieved from https://agu.confex.com/agu/osm20/meetingapp.cgi
Mackie, S., Smith, I., Stevens, D. P., Ridley, J. K., & Langhorne, P. (2020). The sensitivity of sea ice and ocean to the representation of Antarctic mass loss in a climate model. Proceedings of the Ocean Sciences Meeting (OSM). HE24B-1971. Retrieved from https://agu.confex.com/agu/osm20/meetingapp.cgi
2019
Journal - Research Article
Newman, L., Heil, P., Trebilco, R., Katsumata, K., Constable, A., van Wijk, E., … Smith, I. J., … Spreen, G. (2019). Delivering sustained, coordinated, and integrated observations of the Southern Ocean for global impact. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 433. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00433
Stammer, D., Bracco, A., AchtuaRao, K., Beal, L., Bindoff, N. L., Braconnot, P., … Smith, I. J., … Vialard, J. (2019). Ocean climate observing requirements in support of climate research and climate information [Review]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 444. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00444
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Smith, I. J., Pauling, A. G., Bitz, C. M., Lilly, K., Langhorne, P. J., & Hulbe, C. L. (2019). Modelling the impacts of increased Southern Ocean freshwater fluxes in CCSM4. Proceedings of the 13th Otago Energy Research Centre (OERC) and Otago Climate Change Network (OCCNET) Energy & Climate Change Symposium. (pp. 20). Retrieved from https://www.otago.ac.nz/oerc
Tarr, A. P., Smith, I. J., & Rodger, C. J. (2019). Carbon dioxide emissions from international air transport of people and freight. Proceedings of the 13th Otago Energy Research Centre (OERC) and Otago Climate Change Network (OCCNET) Energy & Climate Change Symposium. (pp. 10-11). Retrieved from https://www.otago.ac.nz/oerc
Leonard, G., Brett, G. M., Smith, I., Richter, M., Rack, W., & Langhorne, P. (2019). Winter sea ice growth rates from a sea ice mass balance station. Proceedings of the New Zealand Antarctic Science Conference: Our future in focus. (pp. 83-84). New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute. Retrieved from https://www.antarcticanz.govt.nz/science/new-zealand-antarctic-science-conference-2019
Brett, G. M., Leonard, G., Irvin, A., Rack, W., Haas, C., Langhorne, P., Robinson, N., & Smith, I. (2019). Spatial and temporal variability in the sub-ice platelet layer near an Antarctic ice shelf. Proceedings of the New Zealand Antarctic Science Conference: Our future in focus. (pp. 81). New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute. Retrieved from https://www.antarcticanz.govt.nz/science/new-zealand-antarctic-science-conference-2019
Smith, I., Pauling, A. G., Bitz, C. M., Lilly, K., Langhorne, P. J., & Hulbe, C. L. (2019). How do increased Southern Ocean freshwater fluxes affect sea ice over a 150-year period? Proceedings of the New Zealand Antarctic Science Conference: Our future in focus. (pp. 78). New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute. Retrieved from https://www.antarcticanz.govt.nz/science/new-zealand-antarctic-science-conference-2019
Richter, M., Leonard, G., Smith, I., Langhorne, P., & Mahoney, A. (2019). Finding the bottom of the sea ice. Proceedings of the New Zealand Antarctic Science Conference: Our future in focus. (pp. 51-52). New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute. Retrieved from https://www.antarcticanz.govt.nz/science/new-zealand-antarctic-science-conference-2019
Cravens, B., Mackie, S., Smith, I. J., & Langhorne, P. J. (2019). Representing sea ice form drag more accurately in climate models. Proceedings of the New Zealand Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Workshop. (pp. 25). Retrieved from https://sirg.org.nz
Mackie, S., Smith, I. J., Ridley, J. K., Stevens, D. P., Langhorne, P. J., & Bitz, C. M. (2019). Effects of increasing mass loss from Antarctica on ocean and sea ice properties. Proceedings of the New Zealand Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Workshop. (pp. 24). Retrieved from https://sirg.org.nz
Smith, I. J., Pauling, A. G., Bitz, C. M., Lilly, K., Langhorne, P. J., & Hulbe, C. L. (2019). Climate change and sea ice linkages. Proceedings of the New Zealand Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Workshop. (pp. 23). Retrieved from https://sirg.org.nz
Leonard, G. H., Brett, G. M., Smith, I. J., Richter, M., Rack, W., & Langhorne, P. J. (2019). Winter sea ice and sub-ice platelet layer growth rates from a sea ice mass balance station. Proceedings of the New Zealand Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Workshop. (pp. 14). Retrieved from https://sirg.org.nz
Langhorne, P. J., Leonard, G. H., Frazer, E., Williams, M. J. M., Robinson, N. J., Malyarenko, A., … Cravens, B., Smith, I. J., Mackie, S., & Ridley, J. K. (2019). Sea ice thickness distribution in the Ross Sea: Airborne EM sounding and earth system modelling. Proceedings of the New Zealand Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Workshop. (pp. 13). Retrieved from https://sirg.org.nz
2018
Journal - Research Article
Wongpan, P., Prior, D. J., Langhorne, P. J., Lilly, K., & Smith, I. J. (2018). Using electron backscatter diffraction to measure full crystallographic orientation in Antarctic land-fast sea ice. Journal of Glaciology, 64(247), 771-780. doi: 10.1017/jog.2018.67
Wongpan, P., Hughes, K. G., Langhorne, P. J., & Smith, I. J. (2018). Brine convection, temperature fluctuations, and permeability in winter Antarctic land‐fast sea ice. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 123(1), 216-230. doi: 10.1002/2017JC012999
Wongpan, P., Meiners, K. M., Langhorne, P. J., Heil, P., Smith, I. J., Leonard, G. H., … Haskell, T. G. (2018). Estimation of Antarctic land-fast sea ice algal biomass and snow thickness From under-ice radiance spectra in two contrasting areas. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 123(3), 1907-1923. doi: 10.1002/2017JC013711
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Mackie, S., Smith, I. J., Ridley, J., Stevens, D. P., Bitz, C. M., & Langhorne, P. J. (2018). Research on the impacts of freshwater in the New Zealand Earth System Model. Proceedings of the XXXV Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) Open Science Conference: Where the Poles Come Together. (pp. 2162). Retrieved from https://www.polar2018.org/
Smith, I. J., Bitz, C. M., Pauling, A. G., Lilly, K., Langhorne, P. J., & Hulbe, C. L. (2018). Impacts on sea ice of increased ice shelf meltwater over centennial timescales. Proceedings of the XXXV Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) Open Science Conference: Where the Poles Come Together. (pp. 2161). Retrieved from https://www.polar2018.org/
Pauling, A. G., Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., & Bitz, C. M. (2018). Impacts on Antarctic sea ice in CESM1(CAM5) from time-dependent freshwater input. Proceedings of the XXXV Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) Open Science Conference: Where the Poles Come Together. (pp. 1875). Retrieved from https://www.polar2018.org/
Wongpan, P., Meiners, K., Langhorne, P., Heil, P., Smith, I., Leonard, G., … Haskell, T. (2018). Using under-ice radiance spectra to determine Antarctic fast ice algal biomass. Proceedings of the XXXV Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) Open Science Conference: Where the Poles Come Together. (pp. 759). Retrieved from https://www.polar2018.org/
Tarr, A., & Smith, I. (2018). Updating estimates of international transport greenhouse gas emissions for New Zealand. Proceedings of the 12th Otago Energy Research Centre (OERC) Energy & Climate Change Symposium. (pp. 26). Retrieved from https://www.otago.ac.nz/oerc
Smith, I., & Mackie, S. (2018). Energy, climate change, and sea ice: What are the linkages? Proceedings of the 12th Otago Energy Research Centre (OERC) Energy & Climate Change Symposium. (pp. 9). Retrieved from https://www.otago.ac.nz/oerc
Leonard, G. H., Langhorne, P. J., Smith, I. J., Robinson, N. J., Rack, W., & Geiger, C. A. (2018). Taking the measure of winter sea ice from beneath, within and above. Proceedings of the New Zealand Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Workshop. (pp. 23). Retrieved from https://sirgnz.files.wordpress.com/2018/02/sirg-2018-programme.pdf
Wongpan, P., Prior, D. J., Langhorne, P. J., Lilly, K., & Smith, I. J. (2018). EBSD on sea ice. Proceedings of the New Zealand Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Workshop. (pp. 17). Retrieved from https://sirgnz.files.wordpress.com/2018/02/sirg-2018-programme.pdf
Smith, I. J., Bitz, C. M., Pauling, A. G., Lilly, K., Langhorne, P. J., & Hulbe, C. L. (2018). Centennial timescale impacts of increasing ice shelf meltwater of Antarctic Sea ice area. Proceedings of the New Zealand Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Workshop. (pp. 16). Retrieved from https://sirgnz.files.wordpress.com/2018/02/sirg-2018-programme.pdf
Nesbit, K. O. F., Pauling, A. G., Langhorne, P. J., Smith, I. J., & Bitz, C. M. (2018). Regional scale variability in Antarctic Sea ice thickness, a comparison of aspect observations and CCSM4 model data. Proceedings of the New Zealand Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Workshop. (pp. 15). Retrieved from https://sirgnz.files.wordpress.com/2018/02/sirg-2018-programme.pdf
Mackie, S., Smith, I. J., Ridley, J. K., Stevens, D. P., Bitz, C. M., & Langhorne, P. J. (2018). Towards determining the impacts of freshwater in the New Zealand earth system model. Proceedings of the New Zealand Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Workshop. (pp. 10). Retrieved from https://sirgnz.files.wordpress.com/2018/02/sirg-2018-programme.pdf
2017
Journal - Research Article
Nelson, M. J. S., Queste, B. Y., Smith, I. J., Leonard, G. H., Webber, B. G. M., & Hughes, K. G. (2017). Measurements of Ice Shelf Water beneath the front of the Ross Ice Shelf using gliders. Annals of Glaciology, 58(74), 41-50. doi: 10.1017/aog.2017.34
Pauling, A. G., Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., & Bitz, C. M. (2017). Time-dependent freshwater input from ice shelves: Impacts on Antarctic sea ice and the Southern Ocean in an Earth System Model. Geophysical Research Letters, 44(20), 10454-10461. doi: 10.1002/2017GL075017
Turner, K. E., Smith, I. J., Tison, J.-L., Verbeke, V., McGuinness, M., Ingham, M., Vennell, R., & Trodahl, J. (2017). Sea ice growth rates from tide-driven visible banding. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 122(6), 4675-4684. doi: 10.1002/2016jc012524
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Sangster, C. A., Smith, I. J., Pauling, A. G., & Bitz, C. M. (2017). Analysis of freshwater inputs to the Arctic Ocean. Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. 75A2388. Retrieved from https://www.igsoc.org/symposia/2017/newzealand/proceedings
Wongpan, P., Vancoppenolle, M., Langhorne, P., Smith, I., Madec, G., Gough, A., … Haskell, T. (2017). Towards the representation of ice-shelf/sea-ice interactions in ocean-sea-ice models. Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. 75A2385. Retrieved from https://www.igsoc.org/symposia/2017/newzealand/proceedings
Smith, I. J., Bitz, C. M., Pauling, A. G., Langhorne, P. J., & Hulbe, C. L. (2017). Effects of increased ice-shelf meltwater on sea ice over centennial timescales. Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. 75A2381. Retrieved from https://www.igsoc.org/symposia/2017/newzealand/proceedings
Wongpan, P., Hughes, K., Langhorne, P., & Smith, I. (2017). A method to estimate permeability from temperature fluctuations in Antarctic land-fast sea ice. Proceedings of the New Zealand Antarctic Science Conference: Challenging science in a challenging environment. (pp. 64). New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute. Retrieved from https://antarctic2017.org
Leonard, G., Smith, I., Langhorne, P., Robinson, N., Grant, B., Rack, W., & Geiger, C. (2017). Taking the measure of winter sea ice from beneath, within and above. Proceedings of the New Zealand Antarctic Science Conference: Challenging science in a challenging environment. (pp. 46). New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute. Retrieved from https://antarctic2017.org
Pauling, A., Smith, I., Langhorne, P., & Bitz, C. (2017). Antarctic sea ice response to time-dependent freshwater input from ice shelves in an Earth System Model. Proceedings of the New Zealand Antarctic Science Conference: Challenging science in a challenging environment. (pp. 28). New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute. Retrieved from https://antarctic2017.org
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Smith, I. J., Leonard, G. H., Langhorne, P. J., Powell, A., & Grant, C. (2017, July). The "Far From Frozen" Antarctic sea ice measurements. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Institute of Physics (NZIP) Conference, Dunedin, New Zealand.
2016
Journal - Research Article
McPhee, M. G., Stevens, C. L., Smith, I. J., & Robinson, N. J. (2016). Turbulent heat transfer as a control of platelet ice growth in supercooled under-ice ocean boundary layers. Ocean Science, 12(2), 507-515. doi: 10.5194/os-12-507-2016
Smith, I. J., Eicken, H., Mahoney, A. R., Van Hale, R., Gough, A. J., Fukamachi, Y., & Jones, J. (2016). Surface water mass composition changes captured by cores of Arctic land-fast sea ice. Continental Shelf Research, 118, 154-164. doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2016.02.008
Pauling, A. G., Bitz, C. M., Smith, I. J., & Langhorne, P. J. (2016). The response of the Southern Ocean and Antarctic sea ice to fresh water from ice shelves in an earth system model. Journal of Climate, 29, 1655-1672. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0501.1
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Langhorne, P., Hughes, K., Gough, A., Smith, I. J., Williams, M. J. M., Robinson, N. J., … Leonard, G. (2016). Export of supercooled surface water from beneath an ice shelf: Past records and future extent. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Interactions of Glaciers and Ice Sheets with the Ocean. 74A2105. Retrieved from https://www.igsoc.org/symposia/2016/lajolla
Nelson, M. J. S., Queste, B. Y., Smith, I. J., Leonard, G. H., Webber, B. G. M., & Heywood, K. J. (2016). Glider measurements: Towards directly measuring supercooling beneath ice shelves. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Interactions of Glaciers and Ice Sheets with the Ocean. 74A2062. Retrieved from https://www.igsoc.org/symposia/2016/lajolla
Everts, J., Leonard, G., & Smith, I. (2016). Towards the estimation of landfast sea-ice thickness using MODIS IST retrievals. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Interactions of Glaciers and Ice Sheets with the Ocean. 74A2060. Retrieved from https://www.igsoc.org/symposia/2016/lajolla
Smith, I. J., Gough, A. J., Langhorne, P. J., Eicken, H., Mahoney, A. R., Leonard, G. H., Van Hale, R., … Jendersie, S. (2016). Sea ice as a record of freshwater fluxes: A comparison of isotopic composition near an Antarctic ice shelf and off the Alaskan coast. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Interactions of Glaciers and Ice Sheets with the Ocean. 74A2058. Retrieved from https://www.igsoc.org/symposia/2016/lajolla
Wongpan, P., Meiners, K., Langhorne, P., Heil, P., Smith, I., Leonard, G., … Haskell, T. (2016). Estimation of Antarctic land-fast sea ice algal biomass from under-ice spectra: The effects of proximity of an ice shelf. Proceedings of the XXXIV Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) 7th Open Science Conference: Antarctic in the Global Earth System: From the Poles to the Tropics. (pp. 842). [Abstract]
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Smith, I. J., McNeil, S., Bishop, T. W., Divett, T., & Fahmy, M. (2016, September). Ventilation in New New Zealand houses. Verbal presentation at the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Conference: Defining Indoor Air Quality: Policy, Standards and Best Practices, Alexandria, USA.
Other Research Output
Smith, I. (2016, June). What are the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the movement of goods and people into and out of New Zealand? Otago Energy Research Centre (OERC), University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Department Seminar].
2015
Journal - Research Article
Mager, S. M., Leonard, G. H., Pauling, A. G., & Smith, I. J. (2015). A framework for estimating anchor ice extent at potential formation sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Annals of Glaciology, 56(69), 394-404. doi: 10.3189/2015AoG69A711
Langhorne, P. J., Hughes, K. G., Gough, A. J., Smith, I. J., Williams, M. J. M., Robinson, N. J., … Leonard, G. H., … Haskell, T. G. (2015). Observed platelet ice distributions in Antarctic sea ice: An index for ocean-ice shelf heat flux. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(13), 5442-5451. doi: 10.1002/2015GL064508
Smith, I. J., Gough, A. J., Langhorne, P. J., Mahoney, A. R., Leonard, G. H., Van Hale, R., Jendersie, S., & Haskell, T. G. (2015). First-year land-fast Antarctic sea ice as an archive of ice shelf meltwater fluxes. Cold Regions Science & Technology, 113, 63-70. doi: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2015.01.007
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Pauling, A., Bitz, C. M., Smith, I., & Langhorne, P. (2015). The effect of ice shelf meltwater on Antarctic sea ice and the Southern Ocean in an Earth System Model. Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting. C51A-0668. Retrieved from https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm15/meetingapp.cgi/Home/0
Langhorne, P., Hughes, K. G., Gough, A. J., Smith, I., Williams, M., Robinson, N. J., … Leonard, G. H., … Haskell, T. G. (2015). Platelet ice distribution in Antarctic sea ice and its implications for ocean-ice shelf interaction [Invited]. Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting. C31A-02. Retrieved from https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm15/meetingapp.cgi/Home/0
Pauling, A., Bitz, C., Smith, I., & Langhorne, P. (2015). Effect of a large freshwater forcing around Antarctica in an earth system model. Proceedings of the Antarctic Science Conference: Antarctica: A Changing Environment. (pp. 52). New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute. Retrieved from http://nzari.aq/supporting-research/antarctic-science-conference
Leonard, G., Hoffman, A., Smith, I., Langhorne, P., & Haskell, T. (2015). Wintertime measurements of near real-time sea ice temperatures from a combination of mass balance station profiles and satellite-derived ice surface temperatures. Proceedings of the Antarctic Science Conference: Antarctica: A Changing Environment. (pp. 51). New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute. Retrieved from http://nzari.aq/supporting-research/antarctic-science-conference
Wongpan, P., Hughes, K. G., Langhorne, P. J., Smith, I. J., Leonard, G. H., Heil, P., … Haskell, T. G. (2015). An integrated physical and biological study on land-fast sea ice: The effects of proximity to an ice shelf. Proceedings of the Antarctic Science Conference: Antarctica: A Changing Environment. (pp. 46). New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute. Retrieved from http://nzari.aq/supporting-research/antarctic-science-conference
Smith, I. J., Bitz, C. M., Stevens, C. L., Grant, B., Leonard, G. H., Langhorne, P. J., Van Hale, R., & Haskell, T. G. (2015). Detecting the presence of ice shelf basal meltwater in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Proceedings of the Antarctic Science Conference: Antarctica: A Changing Environment. (pp. 23). New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute. Retrieved from http://nzari.aq/supporting-research/antarctic-science-conference
Walton, S., Smith, I., Wakes, S., & Bishop, T. (2015). Make a difference? Student responses to changing the standards of rental accommodation in Dunedin. Proceedings of the Otago Energy Research Centre (OERC) Symposium. (pp. 13). Retrieved from http://www.otago.ac.nz/oerc/
Smith, I. J., Bishop, T. W., Wakes, S., Thorsnes, P., Callau, M. F., Lloyd, R., & Carruthers, M. A. (2015). Energy efficiency retrofits of older houses: will these result in an energy transition? Proceedings of the Otago Energy Research Centre (OERC) Symposium. (pp. 11). Retrieved from http://www.otago.ac.nz/oerc/
Wongpan, P., Hughes, K. G., Langhorne, P. J., Smith, I. J., Leonard, G. H., Heil, P., … Haskell, T. G. (2015). Temperature fluctuations in Antarctic land-fast sea ice. Proceedings of the Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Annual Meeting. (pp. 23). SIRG. Retrieved from http://sirg.org.nz/
Pauling, A. G., Bitz, C. M., Smith, I. J., & Langhorne, P. J. (2015). Impacts on Antarctic sea ice and the Southern Ocean from freshwater forcings in an earth model system. Proceedings of the Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Annual Meeting. (pp. 21). SIRG. Retrieved from http://sirg.org.nz/
Langhorne, P., Stevens, C. L., Rack, W., Williams, M. J. M., Smith, I. J., Robinson, N. J., Leonard, G. H., … Jendersie, S., Pauling, A. G., Wongpan, P., Gough, A. J., Hughes, K. G., … Haskell, T. G. (2015). The sea ice and ice shelf of McMurdo Sound. Proceedings of the Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Annual Meeting. (pp. 16). SIRG. Retrieved from http://sirg.org.nz/
2014
Journal - Research Article
Leonard, G. H., Mager, S. M., Pauling, A. G., Hughes, K. G., & Smith, I. J. (2014). Towards a process model for predicting potential anchor ice formation sites in coastal Antarctic waters. Journal of Spatial Science, 59(2), 297-312. doi: 10.1080/14498596.2014.913271
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Smith, I. J., Gough, A. J., Langhorne, P. J., Mahoney, A. R., & Haskell, T. G. (2014). Reanalysis versus reality: A case study of snow on Antarctic sea ice. Proceedings of the SPARC (Stratosphere-troposphere Processes and their Role in Climate) General Assembly. Retrieved from http://www.sparc-climate.org/meetings/general-assembly-2014/
Pauling, A. G., Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., & Bitz, C. M. (2014). Ice shelf basal melting in a Global Climate Model. Proceedings of the Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Annual Meeting. (pp. 26). SIRG. Retrieved from http://sirg.org.nz/
Langhorne, P. J., Gough, A. J., Hughes, K. G., Williams, M. J. M., Stevens, C. L., Smith, I. J., Robinson, N. J., … Mahoney, A. R., Leonard, G. H., … Haas, C. (2014). Interdependency of sea ice and ice shelves. Proceedings of the Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Annual Meeting. (pp. 21). SIRG. Retrieved from http://sirg.org.nz/
Bitz, C., & Smith, I. (2014). Antarctic sea ice expansion and the consequences of missing processes in global climate models. Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) 47th Annual Fall Meeting. Retrieved from http://fallmeeting.agu.org/2014/
Stevens, C. L., Robinson, N. J., McPhee, M. G., Langhorne, P. J., Williams, M. J. M., & Smith, I. (2014). Ice-shelf-water-influenced ice roughness and ocean turbulence beneath landfast sea ice. Proceedings of the International Glaciological Society (IGS) International Symposium on Sea Ice in a Changing Environment. Retrieved from http://www.igsoc.org/symposia/2014/hobart/
Smith, I. J., Gough, A. J., Langhorne, P. J., Eicken, H., Mahoney, A. R., Leonard, G. H., Van Hale, R. J., … Jendersie, S., … Haskell, T. G. (2014). Antarctic and Arctic landfast sea ice: Deriving parent water mass properties changes from sea ice cores. Proceedings of the International Glaciological Society (IGS) International Symposium on Sea Ice in a Changing Environment. Retrieved from http://www.igsoc.org/symposia/2014/hobart/
Mager, S., Leonard, G., Smith, I., & Pauling, A. (2014). Using bathymetric data to predict anchor ice formation sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Proceedings of the International Glaciological Society (IGS) International Symposium on Sea Ice in a Changing Environment. Retrieved from http://www.igsoc.org/symposia/2014/hobart/
2013
Journal - Research Article
Toyota, T., Smith, I. J., Gough, A. J., Langhorne, P. J., Leonard, G. H., Van Hale, R. J., Mahoney, A. R., & Haskell, T. G. (2013). Oxygen isotope fractionation during the freezing of sea water. Journal of Glaciology, 59(216), 697-710. doi: 10.3189/2013JoG12J163
Mager, S. M., Smith, I. J., Kempema, E., Thomson, B. J., & Leonard, G. H. (2013). Anchor ice in polar oceans. Progress in Physical Geography, 37(4), 468-483. doi: 10.1177/0309133313479815
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper
Leonard, G., Pauling, A., Mager, S., & Smith, I. (2013). Predicting potential anchor ice formation sites in coastal Antarctic waters. In P. Denys, M. Strack, A. B. Moore & P. Whigham (Eds.), Proceedings of the 125th New Zealand Institute of Surveyors (NZIS) Annual Conference and the Spatial Information Research Centre New Zealand (SIRC NZ) GIS and Remote Sensing Research Conference: Celebrating the Past: Redefining the Future. (pp. 110-112). Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Institute of Surveyors. [Full Paper]
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Smith, I. J., McNeil, S., Bassett, M., Plagmann, M., Bishop, T. W., Fahmy, M., & McDowall, P. D. (2013). Air tightness and ventilation in new Dunedin houses: Preliminary results. Proceedings of the Otago Energy Research Centre (OERC) Symposium. (pp. 13). Retrieved from http://www.otago.ac.nz/oerc/
Toyota, T., Smith, I., Gough, A., Langhorne, P., Leonard, G., Van Hale, R., Mahoney, A., & Haskell, T. (2013). Oxygen isotope fractionation during the freezing of seawater. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 15, 7101. [Abstract]
Smith, I. J., Gough, A. J., Langhorne, P. J., Mahoney, A. R., Leonard, G. H., Van Hale, R., Jendersie, S., & Haskell, T. G. (2013). Can Antarctic land-fast sea ice be used to track ocean isotopic changes associated with ice shelf basal melting? Proceedings of the New Zealand Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Annual Workshop. (pp. 39). Retrieved from http://www.sirg.org.nz/abstracts/SIRG2013_proceedings_v3.pdf
Pauling, A., Leonard, G., Mager, S., & Smith, I. (2013). Modelling the spatial distribution and extent of anchor ice in Antarctica. Proceedings of the New Zealand Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Annual Workshop. (pp. 38). Retrieved from http://www.sirg.org.nz/abstracts/SIRG2013_proceedings_v3.pdf
2012
Journal - Research Article
Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., Frew, R. D., Vennell, R., & Haskell, T. G. (2012). Sea ice growth rates near ice shelves. Cold Regions Science & Technology, 83-84, 57-70. doi: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.06.005
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Smith, I., Langhorne, P. J., Gough, A. J., Leonard, G. H., Mahoney, A. R., Eicken, H., Van Hale, R., … Haskell, T. (2012). Antarctic and Arctic land-fast sea ice growth rates: An intercomparison based on stable isotope fractionation measurements. Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) 45th Annual Fall Meeting. Retrieved from http://fallmeeting.agu.org/2012/
Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., Gough, A. J., Leonard, G. H., Mahoney, A. R., Eicken, H., Van Hale, R., … Haskell, T. G. (2012). Sea ice growth rates: Reconstructing sub-annual signals from stable isotope fractionation measurements. Proceedings of the Polar Environment Research Theme (PERT) Workshop. Retrieved from http://polarresearch.otago.ac.nz/pert-workshop-2012/
Smith, I. J., Jellum, C., Howitt, O. J. A., & Thompson, A. M. (2012). Antarctica tourism: How much fossil fuel is used in the Ross Sea region. Proceedings of the Otago Energy Research Centre (OERC) Symposium. (pp. 15). Retrieved from http://www.otago.ac.nz/oerc/
Smith, I., Langhorne, P., Leonard, G., Trodahl, J., Gough, A., Frew, R., Van Hale, R., Mahoney, A., & Haskell, T. (2012). Sea ice growth rates near Antarctic ice shelves. Proceedings of the XXXII SCAR and Open Science Conference & COMNAP XXIV AGM. Retrieved from http://scar2012.geol.pdx.edu/
Howitt, O. J. A., Carruthers, M. A., Smith, I. J., & Rodger, C. J. (2012). Assessing international air freight carbon dioxide emissions in a New Zealand context. Proceedings of the 2nd Life Cycle Association of New Zealand (LCANZ) and New Zealand Life Cycle Management (NZLCM) Centre Conference: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): A Business Compass for Sustainable Development. Retrieved from http://www.lcaconference.org.nz/proceedings
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., Leonard, G. H., Trodahl, H. J., Gough, A. J., Frew, R. D., Van Hale, R., Mahoney, A. R., & Haskell, T. G. (2012, October). Sea ice growth rates in McMurdo Sound. Verbal presentation at the Annual Antarctic Conference: Looking to the Future, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Smith, I., Langhorne, P. J., Gough, A. J., Leonard, G. H., Mahoney, A. R., Eicken, H., Van Hale, R., … Haskell, T. (2012, December). Antarctic and Arctic land-fast sea ice growth rates: An intercomparison based on stable isotope fractionation measurements. Invited presentation at the American Geophysical Union (AGU) 45th Annual Fall Meeting, San Francisco, USA.
Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., Leonard, G. H., Trodahl, H. J., Gough, A. J., Frew, R. D., Van Hale, R., Mahoney, A. R., & Haskell, T. G. (2012, February). Antarctic sea ice growth rates: What can measurement of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes tell us? Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Sea Ice Symposium, Wellington, New Zealand.
2011
Journal - Research Article
Howitt, O. J. A., Carruthers, M. A., Smith, I. J., & Rodger, C. J. (2011). Carbon dioxide emissions from international air freight. Atmospheric Environment, 45(39), 7036-7045. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.051
Fitzgerald, W. B., Fahmy, M., Smith, I. J., Carruthers, M. A., Carson, B. R., Sun, Z., & Bassett, M. R. (2011). An assessment of roof space solar gains in a temperate maritime climate. Energy & Buildings, 43(7), 1580-1588. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.03.001
Fitzgerald, W. B., Howitt, O. J. A., Smith, I. J., & Hume, A. (2011). Energy use of integral refrigerated containers in maritime transportation. Energy Policy, 39(4), 1885-1896. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.12.015
Fitzgerald, W. B., Howitt, O. J. A., & Smith, I. J. (2011). Greenhouse gas emissions from the international maritime transport of New Zealand's imports and exports. Energy Policy, 39(3), 1521-1531. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.12.026
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., Leonard, G. H., Trodahl, H. J., Gough, A. J., Frew, R. D., Mahoney, A. R., & Haskell, T. G. (2011). Rates of change of sea-ice thickness in the vicinity of an Antarctic ice shelf. Proceedings of the International Glaciological Society (IGS)/Forum for Research into Ice Shelf Processes (FRISP) Symposium on Interactions of Ice Sheets and Glaciers with the Ocean. Retrieved from http://glaciology2.ucsd.edu/igs2011/programme/Proceedings_59/Procsfiles/ProcAbstracts.html#A006
Langhorne, P. J., Gough, A. J., Haskell, T. G., Leonard, G. H., Mahoney, A. R., Purdie, C. R., … Smith, I. J., … Williams, M. J. M. (2011). The contribution of ice shelf-ocean interaction to Antarctic landfast sea ice. Proceedings of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) General Assembly: Earth on the Edge: Science for a Sustainable Planet. Retrieved from http://www.iugg2011.com/abstracts/abstracts.html
Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., Leonard, G. H., Gough, A. J., Frew, R. D., Trodahl, H. J., Mahoney, A. R., & Haskell, T. G. (2011). Sea ice thicknesses: Results from the 2010 Antarctic winter. Proceedings of the New Zealand Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Annual Workshop. (pp. 21). Retrieved from http://www.sirg.org.nz/abstracts/SIRG2011FoxGlacier_Programme.pdf
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Howitt, O. J. A., Carruthers, M. A., Smith, I. J., & Rodger, C. J. (2011, November). International air freight emissions: The New Zealand context. Verbal presentation at the Otago Energy Research Centre (OERC) Symposium: Futures & Prospects, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Smith, I., Langhorne, P., Leonard, G., Trodahl, J., Gough, A., Frew, R., … Mahoney, A., & Haskell, T. (2011, October). Antarctic sea ice: How quickly does it grow? Verbal presentation at the 15th New Zealand Institute of Physics (NZIP) Conference, Wellington, New Zealand.
2010
Journal - Research Article
Howitt, O. J. A., Revol, V. G. N., Smith, I. J., & Rodger, C. J. (2010). Carbon emissions from international cruise ship passengers' travel to and from New Zealand. Energy Policy, 38(5), 2552-2560. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.12.050
Smith, I. J., Stevens, D. P., Heywood, K. J., & Meredith, M. P. (2010). The flow of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current over the North Scotia Ridge. Deep Sea Research Part I, 57(1), 14-28. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2009.10.010
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper
Smith, I. J., Howitt, O. J. A., Revol, V. G. N., Fitzgerald, W. B., & Rodger, C. J. (2010). Greenhouse gas emissions from international maritime transport: The science in a New Zealand and Australian context. Australian & New Zealand Maritime Law Journal. 24(1), (pp. 31-35). [Full Paper]
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Howitt, O. J. A., Fitzgerald, W. B., Smith, I. J., Carruthers, M. A., Rodger, C. J., & Revol, V. G. N. (2010). New Zealand's fossil fuel dependency. Proceedings of the Otago Energy Research Centre (OERC) Symposium: Energy Future. Retrieved from http://www.otago.ac.nz/oerc/
Fitzgerald, W. B., Fahmy, M., Smith, I. J., Carruthers, M. A., Carson, B. R., Sun, Z., & Bassett, M. R. (2010). New Zealand roof space temperatures: Modelling results. Proceedings of the Otago Energy Research Centre (OERC) Symposium: Energy Future. Retrieved from http://www.otago.ac.nz/oerc/
Carruthers, M. A., Smith, I. J., Howitt, O. J. A., & Rodger, C. J. (2010). International air freight: New Zealand as a case study of air transport carbon emissions. Proceedings of the LCANZ and NZLCM Centre Conference: Life Cycle Assessment & Footprinting: Bridging the Gap Between Tools and Practice. Retrieved from http://www.lcanz.org.nz/
Fitzgerald, W. B., Howitt, O. J. A., & Smith, I. J. (2010). Greenhouse gas emissions from refrigerated shipping: A New Zealand case study. Proceedings of the LCANZ and NZLCM Centre Conference: Life Cycle Assessment & Footprinting: Bridging the Gap Between Tools and Practice. Retrieved from http://www.lcanz.org.nz/
Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., Gough, A. J., Frew, R. D., Mahoney, A. R., & Haskell, T. G. (2010). Determining the location of a growing sea ice-water interface through the use of temperature sensors and other methods. Proceedings of the Annual Antarctic Conference: A Taste of the Ice. (pp. 65). Christchurch, New Zealand: Antarctica New Zealand. [Abstract]
Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., Gough, A. J., Frew, R. D., Mahoney, A. R., & Haskell, T. G. (2010). Measurement of rates of increase in sea ice thicknesses: A fieldwork-based comparison of techniques. International Glaciological Society International Symposium on Sea Ice in the Physical and Biogeochemical System. IGS. Retrieved from http://www.igs2010.org/index.html
Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., Leonard, G. H., Gough, A. J., Frew, R. D., Mahoney, A. R., & Haskell, T. G. (2010). Sea ice thickness: Measurement techniques used in the field. Proceedings of the New Zealand Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Annual Workshop. (pp. 36). Retrieved from http://www.sirg.org.nz/
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Smith, I. (2010, February). Sea ice thickness history from oxygen isotope analysis. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Sea Ice Symposium, Dunedin, New Zealand.
2009
Journal - Research Article
Graham, J. B., Stephenson, J. R., & Smith, I. J. (2009). Public perceptions of wind energy developments: Case studies from New Zealand. Energy Policy, 37(9), 3348-3357. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.035
Smith, I. J., & Rodger, C. J. (2009). Carbon emission offsets for aviation-generated emissions due to international travel to and from New Zealand. Energy Policy, 37(9), 3438-3447. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2008.10.046
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., Frew, R. D., & Haskell, T. G. (2009). The use of oxygen isotopes to determine sea ice growth rates. Proceedings of the New Zealand Snow and Ice Research Group (SIRG) Annual Workshop. (pp. 28). Retrieved from http://www.sirg.org.nz/
Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)
Smith, I. J., Rodger, C. J., & Bodeker, G. E. (2009, July). Determining the impacts of aviation on climate: Perspectives from New Zealand. Poster session presented at the Gordon Conference on Radiation and Climate, New London, NH.
Revol, V. G. N., Howitt, O. J. A., Smith, I. J., & Rodger, C. J. (2009, April). The state of the data for calculating carbon emissions from international transport to and from New Zealand. Poster session presented at the National Energy Research Institute Second Energy Research Conference: NERI'09, Wellington, New Zealand.
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Smith, I. J., Howitt, O. J. A., Revol, V. G. N., Fitzgerald, W. B., & Rodger, C. J. (2009, September). Greenhouse gas emissions from international maritime transport: The science in a New Zealand and Australian context. Verbal presentation at the Maritime Law Association of Australia and New Zealand 36th Annual Conference, Queenstown, New Zealand.
Smith, I. J., Carruthers, M., Bishop, T., Callau, M. F., & Lloyd, C. R. (2009, April). Can we learn innovative techniques for motivating energy conserving behaviour from the occupants of Dunedin student flats? Verbal presentation at the National Energy Research Institute Second Energy Research Conference: NERI'09, Wellington, New Zealand.
Other Research Output
Smith, I. J., & Rodger, C. J. (2009, October). Leave only (carbon) footprints? The climate change impact of New Zealand tourism. EcoNZ@Otago, 23, 8-10. Retrieved from http://www.business.otago.ac.nz/econ/econz. [Other Research Output].
2008
Journal - Research Article
Lloyd, C. R., Callau, M. F., Bishop, T., & Smith, I. J. (2008). The efficacy of an energy efficient upgrade program in New Zealand. Energy & Buildings, 40(7), 1228-1239. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.11.006
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper
Smith, I. J., Carson, B. R., & Bassett, M. R. (2008). Is there free heat in the roof spaces of New Zealand houses? Mechanical ventilation systems and heat transfer. Proceedings of the 3rd International Solar Energy Society, Asia Pacific Region and the 46th Australian and New Zealand Solar Energy Society Conference. [CD-ROM] [Full Paper]
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Smith, I., & Rodger, C. J. (2008, June). Calculating CO2-e emissions produced by air travel: Policy implications for New Zealand. Verbal presentation at the Energy, Transport and Sustainability Symposium, Wellington, New Zealand.
2007
Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)
Smith, I. J., & Rodger, C. J. (2007, November). Carbon emission offsets for international transport to and from New Zealand. Poster session presented at the National Energy Research Institute Energy Research Conference, Auckland, New Zealand.
Graham, J. B., Smith, I. J., Stephenson, J. R., & Carrington, C. G. (2007, November). The social acceptance of wind farms: Case studies from New Zealand. Poster session presented at the National Energy Research Institute Energy Research Conference, Auckland, New Zealand.
2006
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper
Langhorne, P. J., Purdie, C. R., Smith, I. J., Leonard, G., Kempema, E. W., Petrich, C., Gribble, M. A., Bond, P. E., & Haskell, T. G. (2006). Antarctic landfast sea ice: The role of platelet ice. Proceedings of the 18th International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research International Symposium on Ice. (pp. 285-292). IAHR. Retrieved from http://web2.clarkson.edu/projects/iahrice/IAHR%202006/program.html
Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)
Langhorne, P., Purdie, C., Smith, I., Leonard, G., Kempema, E., Petrich, C., Gribble, M., Bond, P., & Haskell, T. (2006, July). Antarctic land-fast sea ice thickness: The role of platelet ice. Poster session presented at the International Workshop on Antarctic Sea Ice Thickness, Hobart, Australia.
2005
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., Haskell, T. G., Frew, R. D., & Vennell, M. R. (2005). Platelet ice formation in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sea Ice. Dunedin, New Zealand. [Abstract]
2002
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper
Smith, I. J., Gow, A. J., & Langhorne, P. J. (2002). Laboratory investigations into platelet ice crystal formation. In V. Squire & P. Langhorne (Eds.), Ice in the Environment. 3, (pp. 160-166). Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago. [Full Paper]
2001
Journal - Research Article
Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., Haskell, T. G., Trodahl, H. J., Frew, R. D., & Vennell, M. R. (2001). Platelet ice and the land-fast sea ice of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Annals of Glaciology, 33, 21-27.
2000
Journal - Research Article
Trodahl, H. J., McGuiness, M., Langhorne, P. J., Collins, K., Pantoja, A. E., Smith, I. J., & Haskell, T. (2000). Heat transport in McMurdo Sound first year fast ice. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 11,347-11,358.
1999
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Smith, I. J., Langhorne, P. J., Trodahl, H. J., Haskell, T., & Cole, D. M. (1999). Platelet ice - the McMurdo Sound debate. Ice in Surface Waters, International Association for Hydraulic Research 14th International Symposium on Ice. (pp. 829-834). Balkema, Netherlands. [Abstract]