Our research descriptions here are broken down into three categories:
You can find out about each lab member's research interests at Our People
Visit Professor Halberstadt's Profile page
Unbelief
Some research suggests the answer is that humans are “predisposed” to become religious— biased toward thinking that “everything happens for a reason" or toward supernatural explanations over scientific ones. If people truly adopt supernatural beliefs by default, then the real puzzle is not why some people are religious, but rather why some people are not religious. Why and how do people reject their intuitions to become “unbelievers”? Resolving this puzzle, we believe, is the key to understanding the nature of unbelief. The current project therefore examines how unbelief emerges (e.g., its origins in childhood, and the individual and situational variables that predict it in adulthood), and how it is sustained in the face of cognitive inclinations to believe.
Attractiveness, Fluency, and Social Categorisation
I study the effects of categorisation on affect. Initial studies have shown that stimuli that are easily categorised (because they are highly prototypical of their categories) tend to be judged as attractive, a finding with important implications for explanations of attractiveness in human faces. I am now examining the roles of cognitive fluency - the ease with which a stimulus can be perceived and processed - in the averageness-attractiveness relationship, and the consequences of changing a perceiver's subjective category structure on both ease of processing and liking for a target. I have recently begun investigating the interaction of familiarity and the averageness effect.
Publications
Halberstadt, J., et al. Two Faces of Attractiveness Making Beauty in Averageness Appear and Reverse. Psychological Science (2013): 0956797613491969.
Halberstadt, J., & Winkielman, P. Easy on the eyes, or hard to categorize: Classification decreases the appeal of facial blends. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (2013).
Halberstadt, J., & Winkielman, P. We like and dislike ambiguity. The Experience of Thinking: How the Fluency of Mental Processes Influences Cognition and Behaviour (2013): 133.
Winkielman, P., Halberstadt, J., Fazendeiro, T., & Catty, S. (2006). Prototypes are attractive because they are easy on the mind. Psychological Science,17(9), 799-806.
Religion and Death
How does religious belief work? While religion has been understood as a potential buffer against death anxiety for many decades, we still do not understand exactly why religion alleviates potential thoughts of death. The goals of my research are to identify the effect of religious belief on death anxiety, and explain how this relationship might explain relationships between religion and various forms of discrimination. I also study the nuances of ritual in religious practice, and the effect between thoughts of death and seeing potentially spiritual agents.
Publications
Jong, J., Halberstadt, J., & Bluemke, M. (2012). Foxhole atheism, revisited: The effects of mortality salience on explicit and implicit religious belief. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(5), 983-989.
Jong, J., Bluemke, M., & Halberstadt, J. (2013). Fear of death and supernatural beliefs: Developing a new Supernatural Belief Scale to test the relationship. European Journal of Personality.
Emotional Categorisation and Ageing
My primary interest is in the role of emotional responses in cognitive processing. We have previously found that stimuli in the world will sometimes be categorised (ie, grouped together and treated similarly) not because they are physically similar, but because they evoke the same emotional response in the perceiver. My current research explores the social consequences of emotional similarity. Under what circumstances do people consult their feelings to make decisions, and what sorts of decisions are they willing to make? I am currently investigating this pattern of emotional categorisation across the lifespan, looking at age-related differences in emotional recognition and social cues.
Publications
Ruffman, T., Murray, J., Halberstadt, J., & Vater, T. (2012). Age-related differences in deception. Psychology and aging, 27(3), 543.
Chan, W., McCrae, R., De Fruyt, F., Jussim, L., Löckenhoff, C. E., De Bolle, M., Hablerstadt., J. & Terracciano, A. (2012). Stereotypes of age differences in personality traits: Universal and accurate?. Journal of personality and social psychology, 103(6), 1050.
Ruffman, T., Murray, J., Halberstadt, J., & Taumoepeau, M. (2010). Verbosity and emotion recognition in older adults. Psychology and aging, 25(2), 492.
McCrae, R. R., Chan, W., Jussim, L., Fruyt, F. D., Löckenhoff, C. E., Bolle, M. D., Halberstadt., J. & Avdeyeva, T. V. (2013). The Inaccuracy of National Character Stereotypes. Journal of Research in Personality.
Löckenhoff, C. E., De Fruyt, F., Terracciano, A., McCrae, R. R., De Bolle, M., Costa Jr, P. T., Halberstadt., J. & Yik, M. (2009). Perceptions of aging across 26 cultures and their culture-level associates. Psychology and aging, 24(4), 941.
Niedenthal, P. M., Brauer, M., Halberstadt, J. B., & Innes-Ker, Å. H. (2001). When did her smile drop? Facial mimicry and the influences of emotional state on the detection of change in emotional expression. Cognition & Emotion, 15(6), 853-864.
How you can help with our research
If you are interested in our research and would like to learn more about our work, please contact our lab manager.
Victoria Alogna
Email socog@psy.otago.ac.nz