Career opportunities
Geography graduates work in the public and private sectors. Their skills and interdisciplinary outlook prepare them for a diverse range of careers.
Central government departments, state-owned enterprises, local government, private corporations and consultancies employ Geography graduates in areas such as regional and resource planning, environmental management, natural resources (especially water) analysis, social and economic research, social services and regional development.
Understand the world, shape the future
Explore how studying Geography at Otago connects you to real-world challenges like climate change and social inequalities. Hear from students and staff about the impact and career pathways geography offers.
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Matt Shepherd:
Kia ora, my name is Matt Shepherd, and I’m a physical geographer here at the University of Otago studying geography. Coming down to Dunedin isn’t just about opening up Dunedin, but it’s about opening up Otago and the wider New Zealand context. Studying physical geography is about getting out into the great outdoors and experiencing the real-life change that is occurring across this beautiful country. Come on down to Dunedin and be part of this positive impact that we want to make.
Charlotte Brewer:
Hi, my name is Charlotte Brewer, and I study human geography at the University of Otago.
First of all, the reason why I chose Otago to study is because when you come down here, you realise that it’s a university town. I come from Auckland, so coming down here, the contrast is huge. The teaching staff are just so supportive, and it’s just awesome living in this town in such a supportive environment.
I study human geography because I love learning about the world, and I feel like it has really strengthened my voice and my passions around issues such as climate change and social inequalities. It has given me more of a point in discussions and debates where I feel like my voice can be heard and recognised.
Ben Varkalis:
Kia ora, my name is Ben Varkalis, and I’m a teaching fellow in the School of Geography here at the University of Otago.
We teach a broad range of subjects and opportunities that help us understand the world we live in. Geography offers us the chance to gain awareness of global challenges—of which there are many at the moment. You can probably think of some, particularly around climate change, growing social inequalities, and population dynamics. These challenges expose us to the implications they pose, and studying geography helps us understand them.
Geography students have both the opportunity and the responsibility to work in a space where they can make a real difference in their careers and their pathways. These global challenges aren’t going away anytime soon, and the next generation will be responsible for dealing with them.
Geography has a couple of pathways. We can study physical processes that determine environmental change—this is physical geography. We can also study human geography, which looks at how people interact with and are exposed to the environment.
We’re really fortunate that we get to speak about real and relevant issues, challenges, and problems that are occurring right now—issues that need solutions and strategies. These challenges won’t disappear on their own, and we have a responsibility to work on them.
Career pathways in geography are many and broad. There are opportunities to work in policy and influence how things operate. There are roles in monitoring and analysing environmental and social changes. There are also opportunities to be a change-maker.
Geography is a subject that seeks your help and your understanding of the world, so that we can find better and new alternatives to the crises, problems, and challenges we see every day.
Geography at Otago
Geography may be taken as the major subject for the Bachelor of Arts (BA) or for the Bachelor of Science (BSc). In addition, many students enrol for undergraduate papers in Geography while pursing other studies, including Law, Commerce, Humanities, Ecology, Geology, Surveying, Physical Education, Tourism, and Education.
The undergraduate programme provides a firm grounding in the social, economic and physical aspects of the environment. The study of Geography falls into three main areas:
Human Geography in which students focus on issues of urban and economic change, uneven development, social themes like ethnicity, childhood and gender, geopolitical conflict and the human use of natural resources.
Physical Geography in which students focus on physical geography, including earth surface processes and their expression in the landscape, the Earth's weather systems and climates, factors which lead to geographic variations in the distribution and growth of living things, and environmental controls on the availability and quality of water.
Environmental Management in which students gain a theoretical and practical understanding of environmental processes such as climatology, geomorphology, biogeography, hydrology and soil science. This area incorporates sustainable development, integrated resource management and environmental planning and policy.
Both BA and BSc Geography students can mix papers from across the discipline to build an applied environmental management programme within the Geography degree. It is also possible to take Environmental Management as a Bachelor of Applied Science (BAppSc) degree.
Teaching style
Geography papers are taught in a range of ways. Students attend lectures, tutorials and labs, and gain hands-on experience through fieldwork and practical courses in research methods.
Further study
The School of Geography offers an honours programme. Postgraduate studies include the Master of Planning, Master of International Development and Planning, Master of Arts, Master of Science, postgraduate diplomas, and a strong PhD programme.
Recommended background
There are no subjects you have to have done in order to study Geography – you don't even need to have studied it at school.
Choose a study option
Whether you're embarking on your academic journey with our comprehensive undergraduate programmes or aiming to reach new heights through our advanced postgraduate offerings, Otago is here to support your aspirations.
Undergraduate qualifications
For new and current students studying towards a Bachelor's or other first degree. Explore undergraduate qualifications at Otago, designed to build a strong foundation in your chosen field, preparing you for a successful career or further study.
Note: this subject can also be studied as a minor.
Bachelor of Arts (BA)
A three-year degree offering flexibility to explore a major in Arts along with other subjects
Bachelor of Science (BSc)
A three-year degree offering flexibility to explore a major in Science along with other subjects
Bachelor of Arts and Commerce (BACom)
Combine two majors, one in Arts and one in Commerce, into a four-year degree and expand your future career prospects
Bachelor of Arts and Science (BASc)
Combine two majors, one in Arts and one in Science, into a four-year degree and expand your future career prospects
Bachelor of Commerce and Science (BComSc)
Combine two majors, one in Commerce and one in Science, into a four-year degree and expand your future career prospects
Bachelor of Entrepreneurship (BEntr)
A three-year degree that equips you to change the world as you create new products, services and ideas
Ready to apply?
Take the first step towards your future in this subject.
Further study opportunities
Whether you are looking to bridge your undergraduate studies to advanced knowledge or aiming to specialise in a specific field, Otago offers a range of graduate and postgraduate options to suit your aspirations.
Diploma for Graduates (DipGrad)
The Diploma for Graduates (DipGrad), requiring study of at least seven papers (at least four of which are at 300-level o...
Postgraduate Study in Geography
Explore postgraduate study in Geography at Otago. Gain advanced knowledge, skills, and research opportunities in a suppo...
Related subject areas
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Environment, climate change and sustainability
Find creative solutions to the challenges posed by climate change and other environmental issues
History, philosophy, people and society
Understand the world by thinking deeply about people, cultures, and society – past, present, and future
Physical sciences
Answer fundamental questions about nature and the universe and provide solutions by studying the world around us
Programme details
Compare programmes for this subject as a major and minor (where available).
Level | Papers | Points |
---|---|---|
100-level | GEOG 101 Physical Geography | 18 |
GEOG 102 Geographies of Sustainable Futures | 18 | |
200-level | GEOG 280 Engaging with People and Place: Doing Geographical Research | 18 |
Two further 200-level GEOG papers (excluding GEOG 201) | 36 | |
300-level | GEOG 380 Field Research Studies | 18 |
Three further 300-level GEOG papers | 54 | |
Plus | 198 further points; must include 54 points at 200-level or above. | 198 |
Up to 90 points may be taken from outside Arts | ||
Total | 360 |
Level | Papers | Points |
---|---|---|
100-level | GEOG 101 Physical Geography | 18 |
GEOG 102 Geographies of Sustainable Futures | 18 | |
One of COMO 101, MATH 120, MATH 130, STAT 110, STAT 115 | 18 | |
200-level | GEOG 201 Field Research Methods (Science) | 18 |
At least one of GEOG 281, GEOG 282, GEOG 283, GEOG 284, GEOG 286, GEOG 287, GEOG 288 , GEOG 289, GEOG 298, GEOG 299 | 18 | |
One further 200-level GEOG paper (excluding GEOG 280) | 18 | |
300-level | GEOG 301 Field Research Studies | 18 |
Two of GEOG 387, GEOG 388, GEOG 389, GEOG 390, GEOG 392, GEOG 393, GEOG 394 , GEOG 395, GEOG 398, GEOG 399 | 36 | |
One further 300-level GEOG paper | 18 | |
Plus | 180 further points; must include 54 points at 200-level or above. Up to 90 points may be taken from outside Science | 180 |
Total | 360 |
A minor subject can be included in many of our undergraduate degrees. To earn a minor, you typically must complete a minimum of 90 points in that subject, with at least 18 points at the 300-level.
Your minor can be a subject more commonly taken for a different degree. For example, a BCom majoring in Marketing can include Japanese as a minor subject. To include this subject as a minor in your application, first find a major subject through our Subject Search or Study Match.
You can check what’s required to receive the minor accreditation in the programme details below.
Available as a minor subject for a Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Music (MusB), Bachelor of Performing Arts (BPA), Bachelor of Theology (BTheol), Bachelor of Science (BSc), Bachelor of Commerce (BCom), Bachelor of Entrepreneurship (BEntr), Bachelor of Health Science (BHealSc), Bachelor of Arts and Commerce (BACom), Bachelor of Arts and Science (BASc) or Bachelor of Commerce and Science (BComSc) degree
Level | Papers | Points |
---|---|---|
100-level | GEOG 101 Physical Geography GEOG 102 Geographies of Sustainable Futures | 18 18 |
200-level | Two 200-level GEOG papers (excluding GEOG 201) | 36 |
300-level | One 300-level GEOG paper (excluding GEOG 301, GEOG 380) | 18 |
Total | 90 |
A minor subject can be included in many of our undergraduate degrees. To earn a minor, you typically must complete a minimum of 90 points in that subject, with at least 18 points at the 300-level.
Your minor can be a subject more commonly taken for a different degree. For example, a BCom majoring in Marketing can include Japanese as a minor subject. To include this subject as a minor in your application, first find a major subject through our Subject Search or Study Match.
You can check what’s required to receive the minor accreditation in the programme details below.
Available as a minor subject for a Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Music (MusB), Bachelor of Performing Arts (BPA), Bachelor of Theology (BTheol), Bachelor of Science (BSc), Bachelor of Commerce (BCom), Bachelor of Entrepreneurship (BEntr), Bachelor of Health Science (BHealSc), or Bachelor of Arts and Commerce (BACom), Bachelor of Arts and Science (BASc) or Bachelor of Commerce and Science (BComSc) degree
Level | Papers | Points |
---|---|---|
100-level | GEOG 101 Physical Geography GEOG 102 Geographies of Sustainable Futures | 18 18 |
200-level | Two of GEOG 201, GEOG 216, GEOG 281, GEOG 282, GEOG 283, GEOG 284, GEOG 285, GEOG 286, GEOG 287, GEOG 288, GEOG 289, GEOG 298, GEOG 299 | 36 |
300-level | One of GEOG 387, GEOG 388, GEOG 389, GEOG 390, GEOG 392, GEOG 393, GEOG 394, GEOG 395, GEOG 397, GEOG 398, GEOG 399 | 18 |
Total | 90 |
Papers
View a list of all related papers below.
GEOG papers
Paper Code | Year | Title | Points | Teaching period |
---|---|---|---|---|
GEOG101 | 2025 | Physical Geography | 18 points | Semester 1 |
GEOG102 | 2025 | Geographies of Sustainable Futures | 18 points | Semester 2 |
GEOG201 | 2025 | Field Research Methods | 18 points | Full Year |
GEOG210 | 2025 | Social Geography | 18 points | Not offered in 2025, expected to be offered in 2026 |
GEOG212 | 2025 | Transformations in Developing Countries | 18 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG214 | 2025 | Geographies of Global Economic Change | 18 points | Not offered in 2025, expected to be offered in 2026 |
GEOG215 | 2025 | Envisioning Sustainable Cities | 18 points | Semester 2 |
GEOG216 | 2025 | Environmental Management: Principles and Values | 18 points | Semester 1 |
GEOG219 | 2025 | Special Topic | 18 points | Semester 1 |
GEOG228 | 2025 | Geographies of Global Development and Sustainability | 18 points | Not offered in 2025, expected to be offered in 2026 |
GEOG276 | 2025 | Geographies of Contestation, Action and Change | 18 points | Semester 2 |
GEOG278 | 2025 | Geographies of the South Pacific | 18 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG280 | 2025 | Engaging with People and Place: Doing Geographical Research | 18 points | Semester 1 |
GEOG281 | 2025 | Topics in Physical Geography | 18 points | Semester 2 |
GEOG282 | 2025 | Climate Change: Present and Future | 18 points | Semester 1 |
GEOG283 | 2025 | Climate Change: The Past | 18 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG284 | 2025 | Soils and the Environment | 18 points | Not offered in 2025, expected to be offered in 2026 |
GEOG285 | 2025 | Southern Landscapes | 12 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG286 | 2025 | Climatology | 18 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG287 | 2025 | Plants, People and the Environment | 18 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG288 | 2025 | Rivers and Runoff | 18 points | Semester 2 |
GEOG289 | 2025 | Geomorphology | 18 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG298 | 2025 | Coastal Geomorphology | 18 points | Semester 1 |
GEOG299 | 2025 | Freshwater Resources: Monitoring and Management | 18 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG301 | 2025 | Field Research Studies | 18 points | Full Year |
GEOG328 | 2025 | Geographies of Global Development and Sustainability | 18 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG374 | 2025 | Geographies of Global Economic Change | 18 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG376 | 2025 | Geographies of Contestation, Action and Change | 18 points | Semester 2 |
GEOG378 | 2025 | Geographies of the South Pacific | 18 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG379 | 2025 | Special Topic in Human Geography | 18 points | Semester 1 |
GEOG380 | 2025 | Field Research Studies | 18 points | Full Year |
GEOG381 | 2025 | Social Geography | 18 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG382 | 2025 | Transformations in Developing Countries | 18 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG384 | 2025 | Envisioning Sustainable Cities | 18 points | Semester 2 |
GEOG387 | 2025 | Topics in Physical Geography | 18 points | Semester 2 |
GEOG388 | 2025 | Climate Change: Present and Future | 18 points | Semester 1 |
GEOG389 | 2025 | Climate Change: The Past | 18 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG390 | 2025 | Soils and the Environment | 18 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG392 | 2025 | Climatology | 18 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG393 | 2025 | Plants, People and the Environment | 18 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG394 | 2025 | Rivers and Runoff | 18 points | Semester 2 |
GEOG395 | 2025 | Geomorphology | 18 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG397 | 2025 | Environmental Management: Policy and Practice | 18 points | Semester 2 |
GEOG398 | 2025 | Coastal Geomorphology | 18 points | Semester 1 |
GEOG399 | 2025 | Freshwater Resources: Monitoring and Management | 18 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG401 | 2025 | Theories of Development | 20 points | Semester 1 |
GEOG402 | 2025 | Development Planning and Practice | 20 points | Semester 2 |
GEOG454 | 2025 | Alpine Geomorphology | 20 points | Semester 1 |
GEOG457 | 2025 | Urban Theory and Practice | 20 points | Semester 2 |
GEOG459 | 2025 | Biogeography | 20 points | Semester 2 |
GEOG460 | 2025 | Climatology | 20 points | Semester 1 |
GEOG461 | 2025 | Mountain Hydrology | 20 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG463 | 2025 | Geographies of Justice | 20 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG464 | 2025 | An Approved Course in Geography | 20 points | Semester 1, Semester 2 |
GEOG465 | 2025 | Special Topic in Geography | 20 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG470 | 2025 | A Research Topic in Geography | 40 points | Full Year |
GEOG471 | 2025 | Impact Assessment and Sustainability | 20 points | Not offered in 2025 |
GEOG472 | 2025 | Developments in Environmental Management | 20 points | Semester 1 |
GEOG474 | 2025 | Coastal Management | 20 points | Semester 2 |
GEOG490 | 2025 | Dissertation | 60 points | Full Year |
GEOG495 | 2025 | Master's Thesis Preparation | 40 points | Full Year, 1st Non standard period (28 February 2025 - 20 February 2026), 2nd Non standard period (11 July 2025 - 3 July 2026) |
GEOG536 | 2025 | Toitū te Taiao: Planning in a Māori Context | 30 points | Semester 2 |
GEOG590 | 2025 | Research Dissertation | 60 points | 1st Non standard period (28 February 2025 - 20 February 2026), 2nd Non standard period (11 July 2025 - 3 July 2026) |
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