Emeritus Professor Colin Townsend

2023

Journal - Research Other

Grigoropoulou, A., Ab Hamid, S., Acosta, R., Olusegun Akindele, E., Al-Shami, S. A., Altermatt, F., … Thompson, R., … Townsend, C., … Domisch, S. (2023). The global EPTO database: Worldwide occurrences of aquatic insects [Data article]. Global Ecology & Biogeography. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1111/geb.13648

2022

Journal - Research Article

Albariño, R. J., Closs, G. P., Matthaei, C. D., Townsend, C. R., & Zamorano, D. (2022). Substrate size modifies stream grazer-biofilm interactions in the presence of invertivorous fish. Ecology, 103, e3828. doi: 10.1002/ecy.3828

2019

Journal - Research Article

Lange, K., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2019). Inconsistent relationships of primary consumer N stable isotope values to gradients of sheep/beef farming intensity and flow reduction in streams. Water, 11(11), 2239. doi: 10.3390/w11112239

2017

Journal - Research Article

Schneck, F., Lange, K., Melo, A. S., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2017). Effects of a natural flood disturbance on species richness and beta diversity of stream benthic diatom communities. Aquatic Ecology, 51(4), 557-569. doi: 10.1007/s10452-017-9636-1

2016

Journal - Research Article

Magbanua, F. S., Townsend, C. R., Hageman, K. J., Piggott, J. J., & Matthaei, C. D. (2016). Individual and combined effects of fine sediment and glyphosate herbicide on invertebrate drift and insect emergence: A stream mesocosm experiment. Freshwater Science, 35(1), 139-151. doi: 10.1086/684363

Lange, K., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2016). A trait-based framework for stream algal communities. Ecology & Evolution, 6(1), 23-36. doi: 10.1002/ece3.1822

2015

Journal - Research Article

Piggott, J. J., Niyogi, D. K., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2015). Multiple stressors and stream ecosystem functioning: Climate warming and agricultural stressors interact to affect processing of organic matter. Journal of Applied Ecology, (52), 5, 1126-1134. doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12480

Piggott, J. J., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2015). Climate warming and agricultural stressors interact to determine stream macroinvertebrate community dynamics. Global Change Biology, 21(5), 1887-1906. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12861

Piggott, J. J., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2015). Reconceptualizing synergism and antagonism among multiple stressors. Ecology & Evolution, 5(7), 1538-1547. doi: 10.1002/ece3.1465

Heino, J., Melo, A. S., Bini, L. M., Altermatt, F., Al-Shami, S. A., Angeler, D. G., … Thompson, R. M., & Townsend, C. R. (2015). A comparative analysis reveals weak relationships between ecological factors and beta diversity of stream insect metacommunities at two spatial levels. Ecology & Evolution, 5(6), 1235-1248. doi: 10.1002/ece3.1439

Piggott, J. J., Salis, R. K., Lear, G., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2015). Climate warming and agricultural stressors interact to determine stream periphyton community composition. Global Change Biology, 21(1), 206-222. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12661

Journal - Research Other

Hildrew, A., & Townsend, C. (2015). Freshwater Biology: The end of an era. Freshwater Biology, 60(8), 1483-1486. doi: 10.1111/fwb.12632

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Lange, K., Townsend, C., & Matthaei, C. (2015). A comprehensive trait-based framework for stream algal communities. Proceedings of the 9th Symposium for European Freshwater Sciences (SEFS). (pp. 405). Retrieved from http://www.sefs9.ch

Piggott, J., Townsend, C., & Matthaei, C. (2015). Climate warming and agricultural stressors interact to determine stream macroinvertebrate community dynamics. Proceedings of the Society for Freshwater Science (SFS) Annual Meeting: Our Freshwater Futures. Retrieved from http://sfsannualmeeting.org/Archive/2015/

Matthaei, C., Townsend, C., & Piggott, J. (2015). Life in troubled waters: Climate warming and agricultural stressors interact to determine stream invertebrate community dynamics. Proceedings of the 9th Symposium for European Freshwater Sciences (SEFS). (pp. 408). Retrieved from http://www.sefs9.ch

2014

Journal - Research Article

Lange, K., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2014). Can biological traits of stream invertebrates help disentangle the effects of multiple stressors in an agricultural catchment? Freshwater Biology, 59(12), 2431-2446. doi: 10.1111/fwb.12437

Lange, K., Townsend, C. R., Gabrielsson, R., Chanut, P. C. M., & Matthaei, C. D. (2014). Responses of stream fish populations to farming intensity and water abstraction in an agricultural catchment. Freshwater Biology, 59(2), 286-299. doi: 10.1111/fwb.12264

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Piggott, J. J., Townsend, C., & Matthaei, C. (2014). Multiple stressors in agricultural streams. Proceedings of the Water Symposium Joint Conference of the New Zealand Hydrological Society, New Zealand Freshwaters Society and IPENZ Rivers Group: Integration: 'The Final Frontier'. Retrieved from http://www.2014watersymposium.co.nz/abstracts/oral-abstracts/

Piggott, J. J., Salis, R., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2014). Interactions among climate-change induced warming and multiple agricultural stressors: A stream mesocosm experiment involving periphyton. Proceedings of the Joint Aquatic Sciences Meeting. Retrieved from http://sgmeet.com/jasm2014/program.asp

Lange, K., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2014). Primary consumer stable isotope ratios in streams as indicators of catchment land-use intensity: Strengths and caveats. Proceedings of the Joint Aquatic Sciences Meeting. Retrieved from http://sgmeet.com/jasm2014/program.asp

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Townsend, C. R. (2014, May). Society of Freshwater Science 2014 Award of Excellence Lecture. Verbal presentation at the Joint Aquatic Sciences Meeting, Portland, USA.

2013

Journal - Research Article

Paterson, R. A., Rauque, C. A., Fernandez, M. V., Townsend, C. R., Poulin, R., & Tompkins, D. M. (2013). Native fish avoid parasite spillback from multiple exotic hosts: Consequences of host density and parasite competency. Biological Invasions, 15(10), 2205-2218. doi: 10.1007/s10530-013-0445-8

Magbanua, F. S., Townsend, C. R., Hageman, K. J., & Matthaei, C. D. (2013). Individual and combined effects of fine sediment and the herbicide glyphosate on benthic macroinvertebrates and stream ecosystem function. Freshwater Biology, 58(8), 1729-1744. doi: 10.1111/fwb.12163

Wagenhoff, A., Lange, K., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2013). Patterns of benthic algae and cyanobacteria along twin-stressor gradients of nutrients and fine sediment: A stream mesocosm experiment. Freshwater Biology, 58(9), 1849-1863. doi: 10.1111/fwb.12174

Magbanua, F. S., Townsend, C. R., Hageman, K. J., Lange, K., Lear, G., Lewis, G. D., & Matthaei, C. D. (2013). Understanding the combined influence of fine sediment and glyphosate herbicide on stream periphyton communities. Water Research, 47(14), 5110-5120. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.046

Paterson, R. A., Lal, A., Dale, M., Townsend, C. R., Poulin, R., & Tompkins, D. M. (2013). Relative competence of native and exotic fish hosts for two generalist native trematodes. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites & Wildlife, 2, 136-143. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2013.03.004

2012

Journal - Research Article

Piggott, J. J., Lange, K., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2012). Multiple stressors in agricultural streams: A mesocosm study of interactions among raised water temperature, sediment addition and nutrient enrichment. PLoS ONE, 7(11), e49873. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049873

Paterson, R. A., Townsend, C. R., Tompkins, D. M., & Poulin, R. (2012). Ecological determinants of parasite acquisition by exotic fish species. Oikos, 121, 1889-1895. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20143.x

Liess, A., Le Gros, A., Wagenhoff, A., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2012). Landuse intensity in stream catchments affects the benthic food web: Consequences for nutrient supply, periphyton C:nutrient ratios, and invertebrate richness and abundance. Freshwater Science, 31(3), 813-824. doi: 10.1899/11-019.1

Herrmann, P. B., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2012). Individual and combined effects of fish predation and bed disturbance on stream benthic communities: A streamside channel experiment. Freshwater Biology, 57(12), 2487-2503. doi: 10.1111/fwb.12019

Wagenhoff, A., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2012). Macroinvertebrate responses along broad stressor gradients of deposited fine sediment and dissolved nutrients: A stream mesocosm experiment. Journal of Applied Ecology, 49(4), 892-902. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02162.x

Bierschenk, A. M., Savage, C., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2012). Intensity of land use in the catchment influences ecosystem functioning along a freshwater-marine continuum. Ecosystems, 15(4), 637-651. doi: 10.1007/s10021-012-9536-0

Journal - Professional & Other Non-Research Articles

Hildrew, A. G., Townsend, C. R., Johnson, R. K., & Jones, R. I. (2012). Pure and applied: The end of the divide. Freshwater Biology, 57(11), 2191. doi: 10.1111/fwb.12006

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Matthaei, C. D., Piggott, J. J., & Townsend, C. R. (2012). Interactions among climate-change induced warming and multiple agricultural stressors: A stream mesocosm experiment. Proceedings of the Society for Freshwater Science (SFS) Annual Meeting: Freshwater Stewardship: Challenges and solutions. Retrieved from http://www.sgmeet.com/sfs/sfs2012/viewabstract2.asp?AbstractID=6795

Matthaei, C., Piggott, J., & Townsend, C. (2012). Climate-change induced warming and multiple agricultural stressors: A stream mesocosm experiment. Proceedings of the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society (NZFSS) Annual Conference. (pp. 18). Retrieved from http://freshwater.science.org.nz/index.php/events/nzfss-conference-proceedings/

2011

Journal - Research Article

Lange, K., Liess, A., Piggott, J. J., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2011). Light, nutrients and grazing interact to determine stream diatom community composition and functional group structure. Freshwater Biology, 56(2), 264-278. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02492.x

Reid, D. J., Chiaroni, L. D., Hewitt, J. E., Lohrer, D. M., Matthaei, C. D., Phillips, N. R., … Townsend, C. R., … Wright-Stow, A. E. (2011). Sedimentation effects on the benthos of streams and estuaries: A cross-ecosystem comparison. Marine & Freshwater Research, 62(10), 1201-1213. doi: 10.1071/mf11056

Layer, K., Hildrew, A. G., Jenkins, G. B., Riede, J. O., Rossiter, S. J., Townsend, C. R., & Woodward, G. (2011). Long-term dynamics of a well-characterised food web: Four decades of acidification and recovery in the Broadstone Stream model system. Advances in Ecological Research, 44, 69-117. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374794-5.00002-x

Wagenhoff, A., Townsend, C. R., Phillips, N., & Matthaei, C. D. (2011). Subsidy-stress and multiple-stressor effects along gradients of deposited fine sediment and dissolved nutrients in a regional set of streams and rivers. Freshwater Biology, 56(9), 1916-1936. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02619.x

Dolédec, S., Phillips, N., & Townsend, C. (2011). Invertebrate community responses to land use at a broad spatial scale: Trait and taxonomic measures compared in New Zealand rivers. Freshwater Biology, 56(8), 1670-1688. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02597.x

Paterson, R. A., Townsend, C. R., Poulin, R., & Tompkins, D. M. (2011). Introduced brown trout alter native acanthocephalan infections in native fish. Journal of Animal Ecology, 80(5), 990-998. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01834.x

Poulin, R., Paterson, R. A., Townsend, C. R., Tompkins, D. M., & Kelly, D. W. (2011). Biological invasions and the dynamics of endemic diseases in freshwater ecosystems. Freshwater Biology, 56(4), 676-688. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02425.x

Riede, J. O., Brose, U., Ebenman, B., Jacob, U., Thompson, R., Townsend, C. R., & Jonsson, T. (2011). Stepping in Elton's footprints: A general scaling model for body masses and trophic levels across ecosystems. Ecology Letters, 14(2), 169-178. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01568.x

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Wagenhoff, A., Matthaei, C., & Townsend, C. (2011). Multiple-stressor effects along gradients of deposited fine sediment and dissolved nutrients in streams. In Asociación Ibérica de Limnología. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 7th Symposium for European Freshwater Sciences. (pp. 234). [Abstract]

Matthaei, C., Piggott, J., & Townsend, C. (2011). Multiple agricultural stressors in streams: Lessons from experiments at two spatial scales. In Asociación Ibérica de Limnología. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 7th Symposium for European Freshwater Sciences. (pp. 136). [Abstract]

2010

Authored Book - Other

Townsend, C. R., Begon, M., & Harper, J. L. (2010). Základy ekologie [Translation of Essentials of ecology, 3rd ed.]. Olomouc, Czech Republic: Vydala Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 505p.

Townsend, C. R., Begon, M., & Harper, J. L. (2010). Fundamentos em ecologia [Translation of Essentials of ecology, 3rd ed.] (3rd ed.). Porto Alegre, Brazil: Artmed, 576p.

Journal - Research Article

Olsen, D. A., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2010). Effects of a depositional flood event on the hyporheos of a New Zealand stream. Fundamental & Applied Limnology, 176(4), 337-348. doi: 10.1127/1863-9135/2010/0176-0337

Magbanua, F. S., Townsend, C. R., Blackwell, G. L., Phillips, N., & Matthaei, C. D. (2010). Responses of stream macroinvertebrates and ecosystem function to conventional, integrated and organic farming. Journal of Applied Ecology, 47(5), 1014-1025. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01859.x

Winkworth, C. L., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2010). Using native riparian barriers to reduce Giardia in agricultural runoff to freshwater ecosystems. Journal of Water & Health, 8(4), 631-645. doi: 10.2166/wh.2010.105

Matthaei, C. D., Piggott, J. J., & Townsend, C. R. (2010). Multiple stressors in agricultural streams: Interactions among sediment addition, nutrient enrichment and water abstraction. Journal of Applied Ecology, 47(3), 639-649. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01809.x

Kelly, D. W., Poulin, R., Tompkins, D. M., & Townsend, C. R. (2010). Synergistic effects of glyphosate formulation and parasite infection on fish malformations and survival. Journal of Applied Ecology, 47(2), 498-504. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01791.x

Journal - Research Other

Ormerod, S., Dobson, M., Hildrew, A. G., & Townsend, C. R. (2010). Multiple stressors in freshwater ecosystems. Freshwater Biology, 55(Suppl. 1), 1-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02395.x

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Kelly, D. W., Tompkins, D. M., Poulin, R., & Townsend, C. R. (2010). Synergistic effects of glyphosate formulation and parasite infection on fish malformations and survival. New Zealand Ecological Society Annual Conference: Biodiversity: 2010 and Beyond. (pp. 124). Retrieved from http://www.nzesconference.org.nz/programme

Townsend, C. R., Magbanua, F. S., Piggott, J. J., Wagenhoff, A., & Matthaei, C. D. (2010). The complex ecological impacts in streams of multiple anthropogenic stressors. New Zealand Ecological Society Annual Conference: Biodiversity: 2010 and Beyond. (pp. 124-125). Retrieved from http://www.nzesconference.org.nz/programme

Liess, A., Le Gros, A., Wagenhoff, A., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2010). Evidence for nitrogen limitation of primary and secondary production in streams. Proceedings of the Advancing the Science of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO) & the North American Benthological Society (NABS) Joint Meeting. (pp. 140). Retrieved from http://www.aslo.org/santafe2010/

Winkworth, C. L., & Townsend, C. R. (2010). The effects of agricultural antibiotics on stream biofilms following a simulated contamination event. Proceedings of the Advancing the Science of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO) & the North American Benthological Society (NABS) Joint Meeting. (pp. 253). Retrieved from http://www.aslo.org/santafe2010/

Piggott, J. J., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2010). Hot, rich and dirty: Multiple stressor effects in a stream channel experiment. Proceedings of the Advancing the Science of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO) & the North American Benthological Society (NABS) Joint Meeting. (pp. 184). Retrieved from http://www.aslo.org/santafe2010/

Matthaei, C. D., Townsend, C. R., Magbanua, F. S., & Piggott, J. J. (2010). Agriculture, invaders and multiple stressors in aquatic ecosystems. Proceedings of the Advancing the Science of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO) & the North American Benthological Society (NABS) Joint Meeting. (pp. 150). Retrieved from http://www.aslo.org/santafe2010/

Lange, K., Liess, A., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2010). Light, nutrients and grazing interact to determine stream diatom community composition. Proceedings of the Advancing the Science of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO) & the North American Benthological Society (NABS) Joint Meeting. (pp. 133). Retrieved from http://www.aslo.org/santafe2010/

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Paterson, R., Rauque, C., Townsend, C., Poulin, R., & Tompkins, D. (2010, February). Exotic species influencing native parasites: A cause for concern? Verbal presentation at the VI Southern Connection Congress, Bariloche, Argentina.

Townsend, C. R. (2010, November). Introductions of non-native fish: Good or bad for biodiversity? Keynote presentation at the New Zealand Ecological Society Annual Conference: Biodiversity: 2010 and Beyond, Dunedin, New Zealand.

2009

Authored Book - Other

Townsend, C. R., Begon, M., & Harper, J. L. (2009). Ökologie [Translation of Essentials of ecology, 3rd ed.] (2nd ed.). Berlin, Germany: Springer, 622p.

Journal - Research Article

Kelly, D. W., Paterson, R. A., Townsend, C. R., Poulin, R., & Tompkins, D. M. (2009). Has the introduction of brown trout altered disease patterns in native New Zealand fish? Freshwater Biology, 54(9), 1805-1818. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02228.x

Riddle, C. J., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2009). The effect of repeated stressor episodes on algal communities in pasture streams. Marine & Freshwater Research, 60(5), 446-458. doi: 10.1071/MF08179

Kelly, D. W., Paterson, R. A., Townsend, C. R., Poulin, R., & Tompkins, D. M. (2009). Parasite spillback: A neglected concept in invasion ecology? Ecology, 90(8), 2047-2056.

Thompson, R. M., Phillips, N. R., & Townsend, C. R. (2009). Biological consequences of clear-cut logging around streams: Moderating effects of management. Forest Ecology & Management, 257(3), 931-940. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.10.025

Leprieur, F., Brosse, S., García-Berthou, E., Oberdorff, T., Olden, J. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2009). Scientific uncertainty and the assessment of risks posed by non-native freshwater fishes. Fish & Fisheries, 10(1), 88-97. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00314.x

Lless, A., Lange, K., Schulz, F., Piggott, J. J., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2009). Light, nutrients and grazing interact to determine diatom species richness via changes to productivity, nutrient state and grazer activity. Journal of Ecology, 97(2), 326-336. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01463.x

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Magbanua, F. S., Matthaei, C. D., Hageman, K. J., & Townsend, C. R. (2009). Multiple stressor effects of fine sediment and herbicide additions on structural and functional components of experimental stream ecosystems. Proceedings of the North American Benthological Society 57th Annual Meeting. Retrieved from http://nabs.confex.com/nabs/2009/webprogram/

Young, R. G., Clapcott, J. E., Matthaei, C. D., Collier, K. J., & Townsend, C. R. (2009). Development, testing and use of functional indicators for river health assessment in New Zealand. Proceedings of the North American Benthological Society 57th Annual Meeting. Retrieved from http://nabs.confex.com/nabs/2009/webprogram/

Matthaei, C. D., Townsend, C. R., Winkelmann, C., Herrmann, P. B., & Effenberger, M. (2009). Disturbance, predation and competition interact in a flood-prone stream. Proceedings of the North American Benthological Society 57th Annual Meeting. Retrieved from http://nabs.confex.com/nabs/2009/webprogram/

Wagenhoff, A., Matthaei, C. D., Lear, G., Lewis, G., & Townsend, C. R. (2009). Ecosystem responses to multiple-stressor gradients: Nutrient and sediment addition to experimental stream channels. Proceedings of the North American Benthological Society 57th Annual Meeting. Retrieved from http://nabs.confex.com/nabs/2009/webprogram/

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Townsend, C. (2009, August). Assessment of risks posed by non-native fish: The case of Salmo trutta in New Zealand. Verbal presentation at the XII Congresso Brasileiro de Limnologia, Gramado-RS, Brazil.

Wagenhoff, A., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2009, November). Macroinvertebrate responses to multiple-stressor gradients: Nutrient and sediment addition to experimental stream channels. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Hydrological & Freshwater Sciences Societies Joint Conference: Waters for the Future: Balancing its Values, Whangarei, New Zealand.

Magbanua, F. S., Hageman, K. J., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2009, November). Herbicide and fine sediment additions affect stream communities: A multiple-stressor experiment. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Hydrological & Freshwater Sciences Societies Joint Conference: Waters for the Future: Balancing its Values, Whangarei, New Zealand.

Lange, K., Liess, A., Piggott, J. J., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2009, November). Nutrients, light and grazing interact in determining diatom community composition and functional groups. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Hydrological & Freshwater Sciences Societies Joint Conference: Waters for the Future: Balancing its Values, Whangarei, New Zealand.

Bierschenk, A., Matthaei, C. D., Savage, C., & Townsend, C. R. (2009, November). Catchment land use effects on South Island estuaries. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Hydrological & Freshwater Sciences Societies Joint Conference: Waters for the Future: Balancing its Values, Whangarei, New Zealand.

2008

Authored Book - Other

Townsend, C. R., Begon, M., & Harper, J. L. (2008). Essentials of ecology (3rd ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell, 510p.

Townsend, C. R. (2008). Ecological applications: Toward a sustainable world. Malden, USA: Blackwell, 346p.

Chapter in Book - Research

Malmqvist, B., Rundle, S. D., Covich, A. P., Hildrew, A. G., Robinson, C. T., & Townsend, C. R. (2008). Prospects for streams and rivers: An ecological perspective. In N. V. C. Polunin (Ed.), Aquatic ecosystems: Trends and global prospects. (pp. 19-29). Cambridge University Press.

Journal - Research Article

Winkworth, C. L., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2008). Recently planted vegetation strips reduce Giardia runoff reaching waterways. Journal of Environmental Quality, 37(6), 2256-2263. doi: 10.2134/jeq2008.0045

Young, R. G., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2008). Organic matter breakdown and ecosystem metabolism: Functional indicators for assessing river ecosystem health. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 27(3), 605-625. doi: 10.1899/07-121.1

Winkworth, C. L., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2008). Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp in calves from a region in New Zealand experiencing intensification of dairying. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 56(1), 15-20. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2008.36799

Winkworth, C. L., Learmonth, J. J., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2008). Molecular characterization of Giardia isolates from calves and humans in a region in which dairy farming has recently intensified. Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 74(16), 5100-5105. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00232-08

Townsend, C. R., Uhlmann, S. S., & Matthaei, C. D. (2008). Individual and combined responses of stream ecosystems to multiple stressors. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45(6), 1810-1819. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01548.x

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Townsend, C. R., Piggott, J. J., & Matthaei, C. D. (2008). Individual and combined responses of streams to multiple stressors. Proceedings of the North American Benthological Society. Retrieved from https://nabs.confex.com/nabs/2008/techprogram/P2355.HTM

Winkworth, C. L., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2008). Do vegetation plantings reduce Giardia in dairy farm runoff entering waterways? Proceedings of the New Zealand Microbiological Society Microbiology Conference. (pp. 34). NZMS. Retrieved from http://www.nzmsconference08.org.nz/files/Oral-Abstracts-NZMS-2008.pdf

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Piggott, J. J., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2008, November). Multiple stressors interact in a complex manner in pasture streams: The roles of increased sediment, nutrients and temperature. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society (NZFSS) Conference: Back to Science: The Importance of Fresh Water Science to Freshwater Management, New Plymouth, New Zealand.

Wagenhoff, A., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2008, November). Periphyton responses to multiple-stressor gradients: Nutrient and sediment addition to experimental stream channels. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society (NZFSS) Conference: Back to Science: The Importance of Fresh Water Science to Freshwater Management, New Plymouth, New Zealand.

Townsend, C. R., Piggott, J. J., & Matthaei, C. D. (2008, November). Getting to grips with multiple stressor effects in streams. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society (NZFSS) Conference: Back to Science: The Importance of Fresh Water Science to Freshwater Management, New Plymouth, New Zealand.

Matthaei, C. D., Townsend, C. R., Winkelmann, C., Herrmann, P. B., & Effenberger, M. (2008, November). How disturbance, predation and competition interact in streams: A field experiment. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society (NZFSS) Conference: Back to Science: The Importance of Fresh Water Science to Freshwater Management, New Plymouth, New Zealand.

Liess, A., Lange, K., Piggott, J., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2008, November). Light, nutrients and grazing interact to determine diatom species richness via changes to productivity, nutrient state and grazer activity. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society (NZFSS) Conference: Back to Science: The Importance of Fresh Water Science to Freshwater Management, New Plymouth, New Zealand.

Kelly, D. J., Paterson, R. A., Townsend, C. R., Poulin, R., & Tompkins, D. M. (2008, November). Has brown trout introduction altered disease patterns in native New Zealand fish? Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society (NZFSS) Conference: Back to Science: The Importance of Fresh Water Science to Freshwater Management, New Plymouth, New Zealand.

2007

Authored Book - Research

Begon, M., Townsend, C. R., & Harper, J. L. (2007). Ecologia de indivíduos a ecossistemas (4th ed.). Porto Alegre, Brazil: Artmed, 740p.

Chapter in Book - Research

Townsend, C. R., & Thompson, R. M. (2007). Body size in streams: Macroinvertebrate community size composition along natural and human-induced environmental gradients. In A. G. Hildrew, D. G. Raffaelli & R. Edmonds-Brown (Eds.), Body size: The structure and function of aquatic ecosystems. (pp. 77-97). Cambridge University Press.

Journal - Research Article

Niyogi, D. K., Koren, M., Arbuckle, C. J., & Townsend, C. R. (2007). Stream communities along a catchment land-use gradient: Subsidy-stress responses to pastoral development. Environmental Management, 39(2), 213-225.

Olsen, D. A., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2007). Patch history, invertebrate patch dynamics and heterogeneous community composition: Perspectives from a manipulative stream experiment. Marine & Freshwater Research, 58(4), 307-314.

Niyogi, D. K., Koren, M., Arbuckle, C. J., & Townsend, C. R. (2007). Longitudinal changes in biota along four New Zealand streams: Declines and improvements in stream health related to land use. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research, 41(1), 63-75. doi: 10.1080/00288330709509896

Simon, K. S., Niyogi, D. K., Frew, R. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2007). Nitrogen dynamics in grassland streams along a gradient of agricultural development. Limnology & Oceanography, 52(3), 1246-1257.

Hildrew, A. G., & Townsend, C. R. (2007). Freshwater Biology: Looking back, looking forward. Freshwater Biology, 52(10), 1863-1867.

Rhodes, H. M., Closs, G. P., & Townsend, C. R. (2007). Stream ecosystem health outcomes of providing information to farmers and adoption of best management practices. Journal of Applied Ecology, 44(6), 1106-1115.

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Matthaei, C., Piggott, J., & Townsend, C. (2007). Effects of sediment addition, nutrient enrichment and water abstraction on agricultural streams: A multiple-stressor experiment. Proceedings of the 5th Symposium for European Freshwater Sciences (SEFS). (pp. 107). Retrieved from http://www.freshwatersciences.eu/effs/index.asp?page=SEFS&Id=4

Townsend, C. (2007). The individual and combined responses of stream ecosystems to multiple stressors. Proceedings of the 5th Symposium for European Freshwater Sciences (SEFS). (pp. 31). Retrieved from http://www.freshwatersciences.eu/effs/index.asp?page=SEFS&Id=4

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Sparrow, A. G., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2007, December). Inundated floodplain gravels serve as important invertebrate refugia during a large flood. Verbal presentation at the Joint Meeting of the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society (NZFSS) and the Australian Society for Limnology (ASL): Water: An Inconvenient Truth, Queenstown, New Zealand.

Magbanua, F. S., Matthaei, C. D., Blackwell, G., & Townsend, C. R. (2007, December). Community responses of stream macroinvertebrates to conventional, integrated and organic farming practices in the South Island, New Zealand. Verbal presentation at the Joint Meeting of the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society (NZFSS) and the Australian Society for Limnology (ASL): Water: An Inconvenient Truth, Queenstown, New Zealand.

Winkworth, C., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2007, December). Native plants reduce pathogens in runoff: A manipulative experiment. Verbal presentation at the Joint Meeting of the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society (NZFSS) and the Australian Society for Limnology (ASL): Water: An Inconvenient Truth, Queenstown, New Zealand.

Holmes, R., Matthaei, C., & Townsend, C. (2007, December). A comparison of EPT community composition and size structure between streambed patches with differing levels of deposited sediment. Verbal presentation at the Joint Meeting of the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society (NZFSS) and the Australian Society for Limnology (ASL): Water: An Inconvenient Truth, Queenstown, New Zealand.

Herrmann, P. B., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2007, December). Individual and combined effects of hydrological disturbance and predatory fish on stream benthic communities: A streamside channel experiment. Verbal presentation at the Joint Meeting of the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society (NZFSS) and the Australian Society for Limnology (ASL): Water: An Inconvenient Truth, Queenstown, New Zealand.

2006

Authored Book - Research

Begon, M., Townsend, C. R., & Harper, J. L. (2006). Ecology: From individuals to ecosystems (4th ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 738p.

Authored Book - Other

Townsend, C. R., Begon, M., & Harper, J. L. (2006). Fundamentos em ecologia [Translation of Essentials of ecology, 2nd ed.] (2nd ed.). Porto Alegre, Brazil: Artmed, 592p.

Edited Book - Other

Darby, J., Fordyce, R. E., Mark, A., Probert, K., & Townsend, C. (Eds.). (2006). The natural history of southern New Zealand [Reprint]. Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago Press, 400p.

Chapter in Book - Research

Townsend, C. R., & Simon, K. S. (2006). Consequences of brown trout invasion for stream ecosystems. In R. B. Allen & W. G. Lee (Eds.), Biological invasions in New Zealand: Ecological studies 186. (pp. 213-225). Berlin, Germany: Springer.

Journal - Research Article

Thompson, R., & Townsend, C. (2006). A truce with neutral theory: Local deterministic factors, species traits and dispersal limitation together determine patterns of diversity in stream invertebrates. Journal of Animal Ecology, 75(2), 476-484.

Dolédec, S., Phillips, N., Scarsbrook, M., Riley, R. H., & Townsend, C. R. (2006). Comparison of structural and functional approaches to determining landuse effects on grassland stream invertebrate communities. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 25(1), 44-60.

Matthaei, C. D., Weller, F., Kelly, D. W., & Townsend, C. R. (2006). Impacts of fine sediment addition to tussock, pasture, dairy and deer farming streams in New Zealand. Freshwater Biology, 51, 2154-2172.

Leprieur, F., Hickey, M. A., Arbuckle, C. J., Closs, G. P., Brosse, S., & Townsend, C. R. (2006). Hydrological disturbance benefits a native fish at the expense of an exotic fish. Journal of Applied Ecology, 43, 930-939.

Effenberger, M., Sailer, G., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2006). Local disturbance history and habitat parameters influence the microdistribution of stream invertebrates. Freshwater Biology, 51, 312-332.

Hammond, K. S., Hollows, J. W., Townsend, C. R., & Lokman, P. M. (2006). Effects of temperature and water calcium concentration on growth, survival and moulting of freshwater crayfish, Paranephrops zealandicus. Aquaculture, 251, 271-279.

Eyles, R. F., Brooks, H. J. L., Townsend, C. R., Burtenshaw, G. A., Heng, N. C. K., Jack, R. W., & Weinstein, P. (2006). Comparison of Campylobacter jejuni PFGE and Penner subtypes in human infections and in water samples from the Taieri River catchment of New Zealand. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 101, 18-25.

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper

Winkworth, C. L., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2006). Riparian buffer strips as a means of reducing pathogen transport to waterways from dairy farms. In D. Wichelns (Ed.), Proceedings of the Innovations in Reducing Nonpoint Source Pollution Conference. (pp. 295-305). Indiana, USA: Rivers Institute. [Full Paper]

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Hildrew, A., & Townsend, C. (2006). Stream acidification, the Ashdown Forest and Freshwater Biology: Mike Winterbourn in England. Proceedings of the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society Conference. [Abstract]

Matthaei, C. D., Riddle, C. J., Uhlmann, S., & Townsend, C. R. (2006). Effects of repeated nutrient and sediment additions to pasture streams: II. Stream algae. Proceedings of the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society Conference. [Abstract]

Holmes, R., Matthaei, C. D., Uhlmann, S., & Townsend, C. R. (2006). Effects of repeated nutrient and sediment additions to pasture streams: I. Stream invertebrates. Proceedings of the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society Conference. [Abstract]

Herrmann, P. B., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2006). Individual and combined effects of local disturbance history and predation on benthic invertebrates in a flood-prone river. Proceedings of the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society Conference. [Abstract]

Kristensen, E. A., Closs, G., Olley, R., Kim, J., & Townsend, C. (2006). The use of elemental signatures in brown trout eggs to estimate spawning contribution by resident and migratory brown trout. Proceedings of the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society Conference. [Abstract]

Closs, G., Kristensen, E. A., Olley, R., Kim, J., & Townsend, C. (2006). Using otolith microchemistry to distinguish juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) from different natal streams and determine rearing site for adult brown trout in the Taieri River. Proceedings of the New Zealand Freshwater Sciences Society Conference. [Abstract]

Matthaei, C. D., Uhlmann, S., & Townsend, C. R. (2006). Effects of fine sediment addition and nutrient enrichment on pasture streams: A multiple-stressor experiment at the reach scale. Bulletin of the North American Benthological Society. 23(1), (pp. 122). Retrieved from http://www.benthos.org/database/allnabstracts.cfm/db/Anchorage2006abstracts/id/73

Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)

Herrmann, P. B., Winkelmann, C., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2006, September). Excluding large-bodied predators by means of electric pulses: A field test in a New Zealand stream. Poster session presented at the Jahrestagung, Dresden, Germany.

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Kristensen, E. A., Closs, G., Kim, J., & Townsend, C. (2006, June). Estimating the reproductive contribution of sympatric resident and migratory brown trout (Salmo trutta) on a longitudinal scale in small spawning tributaries: Effects on population dynamics. Verbal presentation at the Ecology of Stream Fish: State of the Art and Future Prospects II, Leon, Spain. Leon, Spain: ICTHIOS.

Commissioned Report for External Body

Young, R., Matthaei, C., & Townsend, C. (2006). Functional indicators of river ecosystem health: Final project report (Cawthron Report No. 1174). Commissioned by Ministry for the Environment: Sustainable Management Fund Contract 2208. Nelson, New Zealand: Cawthron Institute. 38p.

2005

Chapter in Book - Research

Woodward, G., Thompson, R., Townsend, C. R., & Hildrew, A. G. (2005). Pattern and process in food webs: Evidence from running waters. In A. Belgrano, U. M. Scharler, J. Dunne & R. E. Ulanowicz (Eds.), Aquatic food webs: An ecosystem approach. (pp. 51-66). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198564836.003.0006

Journal - Research Article

Thompson, R. M., & Townsend, C. R. (2005). Energy availability, spatial heterogeneity and ecosystem size predict food-web structure in streams. Oikos, 108(1), 137-148.

Simon, K. S., Townsend, C. R., Biggs, B. J. F., & Bowden, W. B. (2005). Temporal variation of N and P uptake in 2 New Zealand streams. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 24(1), 1-18.

Olsen, D. A., & Townsend, C. R. (2005). Flood effects on invertebrates, sediments and particulate organic matter in the hyporheic zone of a gravel-bed stream. Freshwater Biology, 50(5), 839-853.

Thompson, R. M., & Townsend, C. R. (2005). Food-web topology varies with spatial scale in a patchy environment. Ecology, 86(7), 1916-1925.

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Leprieur, F., Hickey, M., Arbuckle, C. J., Closs, G. P., Brosse, S., & Townsend, C. R. (2005). Hydrological disturbance benefits native fish at the expense of exotic fish. Proceedings of the North American Benthological Society Annual Meeting. 22(1). [Abstract]

Townsend, C. R., Doledec, S., Phillips, N., & Scarsbrook, M. (2005). A comparison of structural and functional approaches to determine land-use effects on grassland stream communities. Proceedings of the North American Benthological Society Annual Meeting. 22(1). [Abstract]

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Townsend, C., & Thompson, R. (2005, September). Body size in the stream habitat templet: Community size composition along natural and human-induced environmental dimensions. Verbal presentation at the British Ecological Society 2005 Special Symposium: Body Size and the Organisation of Aquatic Ecosystems

Matthaei, C., Uhlmann, S., & Townsend, C. (2005, August). Effects of fine sediment addition and nutrient enrichment on pasture streams: A multiple-stressor experiment at the reach scale. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Ecological Society Annual Conference in conjunction with the NZ Freshwater Sciences Society, Nelson, New Zealand.

Kristensen, E. A., Closs, G., & Townsend, C. (2005, August). Self-thinning in growing cohorts of young-of-the-year Brown trout (Salmo trutta): Are populations controlled by territory size or food availability. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Ecological Society Annual Conference in conjunction with the NZ Freshwater Sciences Society, Nelson.

Arbuckle, C. J., Leprieur, F., Hickey, M., Townsend, C. R., Closs, G. P., & Brosse, S. (2005, August). Effects and abstraction on native fishery assemblages: Implications for water resource management. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Ecological Society Annual Conference in conjunction with the NZ Freshwater Sciences Society, Nelson.

Townsend, C. R. (2005, February). Sustainability, stream health and well-being of the catchment community. Verbal presentation at the Ecology & Health Research Centre Workshop on Environmental Sustainability: Some 'big picture' & local perspectives, Wellington, New Zealand.

2004

Chapter in Book - Research

Riley, R. H., Townsend, C. R., Raffaelli, D. A., & Flecker, A. S. (2004). Sources and effects of subsidies along the Stream-Estuary Continuum. In G. A. Polis, M. E. Power & G. R. Huxel (Eds.), Food webs: At the ladscape level. (pp. 241-260). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Matthaei, C. D., Townsend, C. R., Arbuckle, C. J., Peacock, K. A., Guggelberger, C., Küster, C. E., & Huber, H. (2004). Disturbance, assembly rules, and benthic communities in running waters: A review and some implicatioins for restoration projects. In V. M. Temperton, R. J. Hobbs, T. Nuttle & S. Halle (Eds.), Assembly rules and restoration ecology: Bridging the gap between theory and practice. (pp. 367-388). Washington, DC: Island Press.

Journal - Research Article

Simon, K. S., Townsend, C. R., Biggs, B. J. F., Bowden, W. B., & Frew, R. D. (2004). Habitat-specific nitrogen dynamics in New Zealand streams containing native or invasive fish. Ecosystems, 7(8), 777-792.

Townsend, C. R., Tipa, G., Teirney, L. D., & Niyogi, D. K. (2004). Development of a tool to facilitate participation of Maori in the management of stream and river health. EcoHealth, 1, 184-195.

Niyogi, D. K., Simon, K. S., & Townsend, C. R. (2004). Land use and stream ecosystem functioning: Nutrient uptake in streams that contrast in agricultural development. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 160(4), 471-486.

Thompson, R. M., & Townsend, C. R. (2004). Impacts of riparian afforestation on stream biofilms: An exotic forest-native grassland comparison. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research, 38, 895-902.

Thompson, R. M., & Townsend, C. R. (2004). Land-use influences on New Zealand stream communities: Effects on species composition, functional organisation, and food-web structure. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research, 38, 595-608.

Townsend, C. R., Downes, B. J., Peacock, K., & Arbuckle, C. J. (2004). Scale and the detection of land-use effects on morphology, vegetation and macroinvertebrate communities of grassland streams. Freshwater Biology, 49(4), 448-462.

Parkes, M., Eyles, R., Benwell, G., Panelli, R., Townsend, C., & Weinstein, P. (2004). Integration of ecology and health research at the catchment scale: The Taieri River Catchment, New Zealand. Journal of Rural & Remote Environmental Health, 3(1), 1-17.

Buck, O., Niyogi, D. K., & Townsend, C. R. (2004). Scale-dependence of land use effects on water quality of streams in agricultural catchments. Environmental Pollution, 130, 287-299.

Usio, N., & Townsend, C. R. (2004). Roles of crayfish: Consequences of predation and bioturbation for stream invertebrates. Ecology, 85(3), 807-822.

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Townsend, C. (2004). Stream health decline and restoration: A pluralistic approach. Proceedings of the New Zealand Limnological Society Conference: Restoration of Degraded Systems to Achieve Sustainability. [Abstract]

Young, R. J., Townsend, C., & Matthaei, C. (2004). Functional indicators - a new directiion for river health assessment? Proceedings of the New Zealand Limnological Society Conference: Restoration of Degraded Systems to Achieve Sustainability. [Abstract]

Thomson, F., Matthaei, C., & Townsend, C. (2004). Impacts of nutrient enrichment and sediment addition on leaf decomposition and algal accrual in Otago streams. Proceedings of the New Zealand Limnological Society Conference: Restoration of Degraded Systems to Achieve Sustainability. [Abstract]

Niyogi, D. K., Townsend, C. R., & Koren, M. (2004). Subsidies and stresses to streams resulting from agricultural development in southern New Zealand. Bulletin of the North American Benthological Society. 1(21), (pp. 376). [Abstract]

Simon, K. S., Niyogi, D. K., & Townsend, C. R. (2004). Nitrogen dynamics in streams along a gradient of agricultural development in New Zealand. Bulletin of the North American Benthological Society. 1(21), (pp. 231). [Abstract]

Thompson, R. M., & Townsend, C. R. (2004). Spatial variability in stream habitats and food web architecture. Bulletin of the North American Benthological Society. 1(21), (pp. 192). [Abstract]

Matthaei, C. D., Weller, F., Kelly, D. W., & Townsend, C. R. (2004). Effects of fine sediment on streams in catchments with contrasting land uses: A reach-scale experiment. Bulletin of the North American Benthological Society. 1(21), (pp. 152). [Abstract]

Commissioned Report for External Body

Young, R., Townsend, C., & Matthaei, C. (2004). Functional indicators of river ecosystem health: An interim guide for use in New Zealand (Report No. 870). Commissioned by Ministry for the Environment: Sustainable Management Fund Contract 2208. Nelson, New Zealand: Cawthron Institute. 54p.

2003

Authored Book - Other

Townsend, C. R., Harper, J. L., & Begon, M. (2003). Ökologie. German translation of 'Essentials of Ecology, 2002' (2nd ed.). Berlin: Springer, 647p.

Begon, M., Harper, J. L., & Townsend, C. R. (2003). Japanese translation of 'Ecology: Individuals, populations and Communities, 1999' (3rd ed.). Tokyo: Blackwell Science, 1304p.

Townsend, C. R., Begon, M., & Harper, J. L. (2003). Essentials of ecology (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell, 530p.

Edited Book - Research

Darby, J., Fordyce, R. E., Mark, A. F., Probert, K., & Townsend, C. (Eds.). (2003). The natural history of Southern New Zealand. Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago Press, 370p.

Journal - Research Article

Thompson, R. M., & Townsend, C. R. (2003). Impacts on stream food webs of native and exotic forest: An intercontinental comparison. Ecology, 84(1), 145-161.

Townsend, C. R. (2003). Individual, population, community, and ecosystem consequences of a fish invader in New Zealand streams. Conservation Biology, 17(1), 38-47.

Townsend, C. R., Doledec, S., Norris, R. H., Peacock, K. A., & Arbuckle, C. J. (2003). The influence of scale and geography on relationships between stream community composition and landscape variables: Description and prediction. Freshwater Biology, 48(5), 768-785.

Simon, K. S., & Townsend, C. R. (2003). Impacts of freshwater invaders at different levels of ecological organisation, with emphasis on salmonids and ecosystem consequences. Freshwater Biology, 48(6), 982-994.

Brosse, S., Arbuckle, C. J., & Townsend, C. R. (2003). Habitat scale and biodiversity: Influence of catchment, stream reach and bedform scales on local invertebrate diversity. Biodiversity & Conservation, 12(10), 2057-2075.

Olsen, D. A., & Townsend, C. R. (2003). Hyporheic community composition in a gravel-bed stream: Influence of vertical hydrological exchange, sediment structure and physicochemistry. Freshwater Biology, 48(8), 1363-1378.

Riley, R. H., Townsend, C. R., Niyogi, D. K., Arbuckle, C. J., & Peacock, K. A. (2003). Headwater stream response to grassland agricultural development in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research, 37(2), 389-403.

Niyogi, D. K., Simon, K. S., & Townsend, C. R. (2003). Breakdown of tussock grass in streams along a gradient of agricultural development in New Zealand. Freshwater Biology, 48(9), 1698-1708.

Eyles, R. F., Niyogi, D. K., Townsend, C. R., Benwell, G. L., & Weinstein, P. (2003). Spatial and temporal patterns of Campylobacter contamination underlying public health risk in the Taieri River, New Zealand. Journal of Environmental Quality, 32(5), 1820-1828.

Melo, A. S., Niyogi, D. K., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2003). Resistance, resilience, and patchiness of invertebrate assemblages in native tussock and pasture streams in New Zealand after a hydrological disturbance. Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 60, 731-739.

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper

Eyles, R. F., Benwell, G. L., Niyogi, D. K., Townsend, C. R., & Weinstein, P. (2003). Spatio-temporal petterns of Campylobacter contamination in freshwaters: Results from the Taieri and Motueka catchments. In P. A. Whigham & A. Moore (Eds.), Proceedings of the 15th Annual Colloquium of the Spatial Information Research Centre. (pp. 91-92). Dunedin: University of Otago. [Full Paper]

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Townsend, C. R., & Hildrew, A. (2003). On the potential for post-stressor biodiversity recovery. Proceedings of the Joint Australian Society for Limnology and The New Zealand Limnological Society Congress 2003. (pp. 126). Victoria: ASL. [Abstract]

Thompson, J., Lowe, B., Townsend, C. R., Craw, D., Frew, R. D., & Biggs, B. J. F. (2003). Importance of geological nitrogen subsidies to New Zealand streams. Proceedings of the Joint Australian Society for Limnology and The New Zealand Limnological Society Congress 2003. (pp. 124). Victoria: ASL. [Abstract]

Matthaei, C. D., Weller, F., Kelly, D. W., & Townsend, C. R. (2003). Impacts of fine sediment additions to tussock, pasture, dairy and deer streams in Otago, New Zealand. Proceedings of the Joint Australian Society for Limnology and The New Zealand Limnological Society Congress 2003. (pp. 82). Victoria: ASL. [Abstract]

Albarino, R., Closs, G. P., & Townsend, C. R. (2003). Fish, grazers and rock size interact to control algal community structure: An experimental study. Proceedings of the Joint Australian Society for Limnology and The New Zealand Limnological Society Congress 2003. (pp. 20). Victoria: ASL. [Abstract]

2002

Journal - Research Article

Broad, T. L., Townsend, C. R., Closs, G. P., & Jellyman, D. J. (2002). Riparian land use and accessibility to fishers influence size class composition and habitat use by longfin eels in a New Zealand river. Journal of Fish Biology, 61(6), 1489-1503.

Usio, N., & Townsend, C. R. (2002). Functional significance of crayfish in stream food webs: Roles of omnivory, substrate heterogeneity and sex. Oikos, 98, 512-522.

Hollows, J. W., Townsend, C. R., & Collier, K. J. (2002). Diet of the crayfish Paranephrops zealandicus in bush and pasture streams: Insights from stable isotopes and stomach analysis. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research, 36, 129-142.

Olsen, D. A., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2002). Freezing core sampling of the hyporheos: Implications of use of electropositioning and different settling periods. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 154(2), 261-274.

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Niyogi, D. K., Townsend, C. R., & Koren, M. (2002). Subsidies and stresses to streams resulting from agricultural development in Otago. New Zealand Limnological Society Conference, Greymouth. [Abstract]

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Niyogi, D. K., Townsend, C. R., & Koren, M. (2002). Subsidies and stresses to streams resulting from agricultural development in Otago. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Limnological Society Conference, Greymouth, New Zealand.

Townsend, C. R., Eyles, R. F., Niyogi, D. K., Riley, R. H., & Weinstein, P. (2002). Agricultural development can influence biodiversity, ecosystem health and the risk of disease transmission in streams. Verbal presentation at the Conference of the International Society for Ecosystem Health, Washington DC, USA.

Eyles, R. F., Niyogi, D. K., Townsend, C. R., Weinstein, P., Brooks, H. J., & Trott, A. (2002). Ecosystem change and Campylobacter in freshwaters. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Limnological Society Conference, Greymouth, New Zealand.

Olsen, D. A., & Townsend, C. R. (2002). Flood disturbance and the hyporheic zone of a gravel-bed stream: Effect of benthic and hyporheic invertebrates. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Limnological Society Conference, Greymouth, New Zealand.

Townsend, C. R., Niyogi, D. K., Tipa, G. T., & Tierney, L. (2002). Relationships between the cultural stream health measure and western indicators of stream health. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Limnological Society Conference, Greymouth, New Zealand.

Tipa, G. T., Tierney, L., Townsend, C. R., & Niyogi, D. K. (2002). Development of a cultural health index for streams. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Limnological Society Conference, Greymouth, New Zealand.

Townsend, C. R., Eyles, R. F., Niyogi, D. K., Riley, R. H., & Weinstein, P. (2002). Dairy development can influence biodiversity, ecosystem health and the risk of disease transmission in streams. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Limnological Society Conference, Greymouth, New Zealand.

Matthaei, C. D., Guggelberger, C., Huber, H., Peacock, K. A., & Townsend, C. R. (2002). Die bedeutung der kleinräumigen sohlstabilität für flieβwasser-organismen. (The role of local disturbance history for benthic communities in running waters). Verbal presentation at the German Limnological Society (DGL) & German and Austrian sections of the Societas Internationalis Limnologiae (SIL), Braunschweig, Germany.

Sigl, G., Happe, C., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2002). Die bedeutung der kleinräumigen sohlstabilität für benthische algen, primärproduktion und benthische bakterien im flieβgewässer. (The role of local disturbance history for benthic algae, primary production and benthic bacteria in running waters. Verbal presentation at the German Limnological Society (DGL) & German and Austrian sections of the Societas Internationalis Limnologiae (SIL), Braunschweig, Germany.

Simon, K. S., Townsend, C. R., Biggs, B. J. F., Bowden, W. B., & Frew, R. D. (2002). Habitat-specific nitrogen dynamics in streams containing native or invasive fish. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Limnological Society Conference, Greymouth, New Zealand.

2001

Authored Book - Other

Townsend, C. R., Harper, J. L., & Begon, M. (2001). L'Essenziale di Ecologia (Italian translation). Bologna: Zanichelli editore, S.p.A., 500p.

Journal - Research Article

Thompson, R. M., Townsend, C. R., Craw, D., & Frew, R. D. (2001). (Further) links from rocks to plants. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 16, 543-544.

Brosse, S., Lek, S., & Townsend, C. R. (2001). Abundance, diversity and structure of freshwater invertebates and fish communities: An artificial neural network approach. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research, 35, 135-145.

Williams, J. K., Townsend, C. R., & Poulin, R. (2001). Mermithid nematode infections and drift in the mayfly Deleatidium spp. (Ephemeroptera). Journal of Parasitology, 87(5), 1225-1227.

Usio, N., & Townsend, C. R. (2001). The significance of the crayfish Paranephrops zealandicus as shredders in a New Zealand headwater stream. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 21, 354-359.

Thompson, R. M., Edwards, E., McIntosh, A. R., & Townsend, C. R. (2001). Allocation of effort in stream food-web studies: The best compromise? Marine & Freshwater Research, 52, 339-345.

Fausch, K. D., Taniguchi, Y., Nakano, S., Grossman, G., & Townsend, C. R. (2001). Flood disturbance regimes influence rainbow trout invasion success among five holarctic regions. Ecological Applications, 11, 1438-1455.

Broad, T. L., Townsend, C. R., Closs, G. P., & Jellyman, D. (2001). Microhabitat use by longfin eels (Anguilla dieffenbachii) in New Zealand streams with contrasting riparian vegetation. Journal of Fish Biology, 59(5), 1385-1400.

Broad, T. L., Townsend, C. R., Arbuckle, C. J., & Jellyman, D. (2001). A model to predict the presence of longfin eels (Anguilla dieffenbachii) in some New Zealand streams, with particular reference to riparian vegetation and elevation. Journal of Fish Biology, 58, 1098-1112.

Olsen, D. A., Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2001). Influence of reach geomorphology on hyporheic communities in a gravel-bed stream. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research, 35, 181-190.

2000

Authored Book - Other

Townsend, C. R., Harper, J. L., & Begon, M. (2000). Essentials of Ecology. Malden, USA: Blackwell Science, 552p.

Chapter in Book - Research

Thompson, R. M., & Townsend, C. R. (2000). New Zealand's stream invertebrate communities: An international perspective. In K. Collier & M. Winterbourn (Eds.), New Zealand Stream Invertebrates: Ecology and Implications for Management. (pp. 53-74). Christchurch: New Zealand Limnological Society, The Caxton Press.

Journal - Research Article

Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2000). Long-term effects of local disturbance history on mobile stream invertebrates. Oecologia, 125, 119-126.

Biggs, B. J. F., Francoeur, S. N., Huryn, A. D., Young, R., Arbuckle, C., & Townsend, C. R. (2000). Trophic cascades in streams: Effects of nutrient enrichment on autotrophic and consumer benthic communities under two different predation regimes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 57, 1380-1394.

Thompson, R. M., & Townsend, C. R. (2000). Is resolution the solution?: The effect of taxonomic resolution on the calculated attributes of three stream food webs. Freshwater Biology, 44, 413-422.

Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (2000). Inundated floodplain gravels in a stream with an unstable bed: Temporary shelter or true invertebrate refugium? New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research, 34, 147-156.

Matthaei, C. D., Arbuckle, C. J., & Townsend, C. R. (2000). Stable surface stones as refugia for invertebrates during disturbance in a New Zealand stream. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 19, 82-93.

Usio, N., & Townsend, C. R. (2000). Distribution of the New Zealand crayfish Paranephrops zealandicus in relation to stream physio-chemistry, predatory fish, and invertebrate prey. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research, 34, 557-567.

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Townsend, C. R., & Matthaei, C. D. (2000). Long-term effects of local disturbance history on mobile stream invertebrates. Verbal presentation at the 2000 Meeting of the North American Benthological Society, Colorado.

Matthaei, C. D., Peacock, K. A., Arbuckle, C. J., & Townsend, C. R. (2000). Patchy bed movement in streams and flood refugia for benthic invertebrates. Verbal presentation at the German Limnological Society (DGL) and the German and Austrian Sections of the Societas Internationalis Limnologiae (SIL), Germany.

1999

Authored Book - Research

Begon, M., Harper, J. L., & Townsend, C. R. (1999). Ecologia (Spanish translation). Barcelona: Ediciones Omega, 900p.

Journal - Research Article

Townsend, C. R., & Riley, R. H. (1999). Assessment of river integrity: Accounting for perturbation pathways in physical and ecological space. Freshwater Biology, 41, 393-405.

Thompson, R. M., & Townsend, C. R. (1999). The effect of seasonal variation on the community structure and food-web attributes of two streams: implications for food-web science. Oikos, 87, 75-88.

Moore, S. J., Allibone, R. M., & Townsend, C. R. (1999). Spawning site selection by two galaxiid fishes, Galaxias anamalus and G. depresseceps, in tributaries of the Taieri River, South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research, 33, 129-139.

Matthaei, C. D., Peacock, K. A., & Townsend, C. R. (1999). Patchy surface stone movement during disturbance in a New Zealand stream and its potential significance for the fauna. Limnology & Oceanography, 44, 1091-1102.

Matthaei, C. D., Peacock, K. A., & Townsend, C. R. (1999). Scour and fill patterns in a New Zealand stream and potential implications for invertebrate refugia. Freshwater Biology, 42, 41-57.

Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)

Olsen, D. A., Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (1999). The influence of reach geomorphology on hyporheic communities in a gravel-bed stream. Poster session presented at the Meeting of the Limnological Societies of Australia and New Zealand, Wairakei, New Zealand.

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Matthaei, C. D., Arbuckle, C. J., & Townsend, C. R. (1999). Surface stone refugia for invertebrates during disturbance in a New Zealand gravel-bed stream. Verbal presentation at the Meeting of the North American Benthological Society, Deluth, USA.

Matthaei, C. D., Huber, H., Arbuckle, C. J., & Townsend, C. R. (1999). Flood refugia for stream-dwelling invertebrates: Ecological significance of the selective entertainment of particles in coarse-grained channels. Verbal presentation at the Final Symposium of the Eroslope II Project, Padua, Italy.

Matthaei, C. D., & Townsend, C. R. (1999). Disturbance history of small bed patches and its influence on the invertebrate fauna in a New Zealand stream. Verbal presentation at the 1st Symposium for European Freshwater Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium.

1998

Authored Book - Research

Begon, M., Harper, J. L., & Townsend, C. R. (1998). Okologie (German Translation). Heidelberg: Spectrum Akademischer Verlag GmBH, 750p.

Journal - Research Article

Townsend, C. R., Thompson, R. M., McIntosh, A. R., Kilroy, C., Edwards, E., & Scarsbrook, M. R. (1998). Disturbance, resource supply and food-web architecture in streams. Ecology Letters, 1, 200-209.

Allibone, R. M., & Townsend, C. R. (1998). Comparative dietary analysis of a recently described fish species complex (Galaxiidae) in a New Zealand river. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research, 32, 351-361.

Jaarsma, N. G., De Boer, S. M., Townsend, C. R., Thompson, R. M., & Edwards, A. D. (1998). Characterising food-webs in two New Zealand streams. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research, 32, 271-286.

McIntosh, A. R., & Townsend, C. R. (1998). Do different predators affect distance, direction, and destination of movements by a stream mayfly? Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 55, 1954-1960.

1997

Authored Book - Research

Begon, M., Harper, J. L., & Townsend, C. R. (1997). Ekologie: Jedinci, Populace a Spolecenstva (Czech translation). Palackeho Olomouc: Vydavatelstvi Univerzity, 949p.

Journal - Research Article

Allibone, R. M., & Townsend, C. R. (1997). Distribution of four recently discovered galaxiid species in the Taieri River, New Zealand: the role of macrohabitat. Journal of Fish Biology, 51, 1235-1246.

Allibone, R. M., & Townsend, C. R. (1997). Reproductive biology, species status and taxonomic relationships of four recently discovered galaxiid fishes in a New Zealand river. Journal of Fish Biology, 51, 1247-1261.

Crowl, T. A., Townsend, C. R., Bouwes, N., & Thomas, H. (1997). Scales and causes of patchiness in stream invertibrate assemblages: top-down predator effects. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 16(1), 277-285.

Townsend, C. R., Scarsbrook, M. R., & Doledec, S. (1997). The intermediate disturbance hypothesis, refugia, and biodiversity in streams. Limnology & Oceanography, 42(5), 938-949.

Townsend, C. R., Scarsbrook, M. R., & Doledec, S. (1997). Quantifying disturbance in streams: alternative measures of disturbance in relation to macroinvertebrate species traits and species richness. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 16(3), 531-544.

Townsend, C. R., Doledec, S., & Scarsbrook, M. R. (1997). Species traits in relation to temporal and spatial heterogeneity in streams: a test of habitat templet theory. Freshwater Biology, 37(2), 367-387.

Townsend, C. R., Arbuckle, C. J., Crowl, T. A., & Scarsbrook, M. R. (1997). The relationship between land use and physicochemistry, food resources and macroinvertibrate communities in tributaries of the Taieri River, New Zealand: a hierarchically scaled approach. Freshwater Biology, 37(1), 177-191.

Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)

Matthaei, C. D., Peacock, K. A., & Townsend, C. R. (1997). Disturbance in streams: Patchiness of bed movement and its significance for the fauna. Poster session presented at the Meeting of the Ecological Society of America in Albuquerque, USA.

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Matthaei, C. D., Peacock, K. A., & Townsend, C. R. (1997). Disturbance in streams: Patchiness of bed movement and its significance for the fauna. Verbal presentation at the Meeting of the Ecological Society of America in Albuquerque, USA.

1996

Authored Book - Research

Begon, M., Harper, J. L., & Townsend, C. R. (1996). Ecology: Individuals, Populations and Communities (3rd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.

Chapter in Book - Research

Flecker, A. S., & Townsend, C. R. (1996). Community-wide consequences of trout introduction in New Zealand streams. In F. B. Samson & F. L. Knopf (Eds.), Ecosystem Management: Selected Readings. (pp. 203-215). New York: Springer.

Journal - Research Article

Townsend, C. R. (1996). Concepts in river ecology: pattern and process in the catchment hierarchy. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 10, 3-21.

Allibone, R. M., Crowl, T. A., Holmes, J. M., King, T. A., McDowall, R. M., Townsend, C. R., & Wallis, G. P. (1996). Isozyme analysis of Galaxias species (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) from the Taieri River, South Island, New Zealand: a species complex revealed. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 57, 107-127.

McIntosh, A. R., & Townsend, C. R. (1996). Interactions between fish, grazing invertebrates and algae in a New Zealand stream: A trophic cascade mediated by fish-induced changes to grazer behaviour? Oecologia, 108, 174-181.

Townsend, C. R. (1996). Invasion biology and ecological impacts of brown trout (Salmo Trutta) in New Zealand. Biological Conservation, 78, 13-22.

1995

Journal - Research Article

McIntosh, A. R., & Townsend, C. R. (1995). Contrasting predation risks presented by introduced brown trout and native common river galaxias in New Zealand streams. Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 52, 1821-1833.

McIntosh, A. R., & Townsend, C. R. (1995). Impacts of an introduced predatory fish on mayfly grazing in New Zealand streams. Limnology & Oceanography, 40, 1508-1512.

1988

Software

Begon, M., Harper, J. L., & Townsend, C. R. (1988). Ecology CD ROM [Computer Software]. Blackwell Science.